46 
NATURE NOTES. 
Hertfordshire (i), (2), (3) 
Huntingdonshire (2), (3) 
Parts of Kesteven (2), (3) 
Parts of Lindsey (4)... 
London (l), (2), (3) 
Middlesex (2), {3) ... 
Norfolk (2), (3), (4)... 
Northamptonshire (i), (2), (3' 
Oxfordshire (3) 
Somerset (2) 
Southamptonshire (3) 
Staffordshire (2), (3) 
Warwick (3) 
Westmoreland (3) ... 
West Suffolk (2), (3) 
Wiltshire (2) 
F^ebruary 5, 1896 
June 25, 1895 
December 26, ,, 
May 10, ,, 
February 15, 1896 
January 29, ,, 
May I, 1895 
January 15, 1896 
March 22, 1895 
July 27, ,, 
September 7, ,, 
November 28, ,, 
February 4, 1896 
May 29, 1895 
February 7, 1896 
September 5, 1895 
John Pedder. 
ANTS IN INDIA AND THE EAST. 
N Nature Notes of December, 1894, ^ made a few 
remarks on bees and wasps in the Punjab, and I now 
propose to say a little about ants in that country and 
the East generally. 
I am somewhat diffident in writing upon this section of the 
Hymenoptcra, as so many naturalists have, in these recent times, 
made themselves specially acquainted with much of the social 
economy of these little communities. Although, however, I 
cannot pretend to be able to contribute much to our knowledge, 
yet I have not been unobservant of the habits of one or two 
types of ants in Malaya ; while my friend, Mr. Thomas Barlow, 
has given me some facts about one species in the Punjab that 
cannot but be interesting to the more learned. 
Without further preface, therefore, 1 should say that we have 
both observed that numerous species of ants of both tropical 
and temperate climes are associated together throughout most 
parts of India and the East. Dr. Balfour, whom I well knew, 
states in his Encyclopcadia of India that he had found that the per- 
vading character of all Indian entomology was its uniformity, 
and this we can both of us fully endorse : moreover, there can 
be no doubt that certain forms predominate in certain localities, 
as, for instance, the great red ant, known by the Malays as 
“ Karanga,” has, as far as my observation goes, its principal 
habitat in the Eastern hemisphere between the latitudes of ten 
degrees north and south of the equator, while the great black 
ant, called by the Punjabis the “ Lamba Tang,” is to be found 
mostly in the Punjab and the Himalayas. 
There have been many diligent students of ants in India, 
among whom may here be mentioned Dr. Jerdon, of the Madras 
service, who described forty-seven distinct species in Southern 
