GENEVA, NEW YORK, V. S. A. 
3 
Transplan ting^and After Culture 
As the life and well-being of a tree depend 
very much upon the care and treatment it re- 
ceives after it leaves the hands of the nursery- 
man. and as a large proportion of the trees that 
are lost fail for want of proper treatment, the 
following hints should be carefully heeded. 
I’repai'ation of the Soil — Prepare a rich, deep 
bed of mellow soil, and have the land suffi- 
ciently well-drained to relieve the roots from 
standing water. To insure a fine growth, land 
should be in as good condition as is required 
for a crop of wheat, corn or potatoes. 
Pruning before Plaining — Nearly all the trees 
taken from the Nursery require pruning be- 
fore transplanting, to balance the loss of roots 
occasioned by their removal. The tops should 
be shortened in by cutting off half the last sea- 
.son's growth of all the branches; but large 
branches should not be cut off close to the trunk, 
as it injures the vitality of the tree. 
All broken or bruised 
roots should be cut off 
smoothly up to the sound 
wood, so as to hasten the 
formation of new roots 
and fibres. 
Planting — Make the 
hole large enough to ad- 
mit the roots without any 
cramping or bending, and 
deep enough to bring the 
tree to its natural depth. 
The fine surface soil should 
be used in covering the 
roots, and this should be 
carefully worked among 
them. If the ground is dry, _ 
it is well to pour in some 
water when the hole is par- 
tially filled. See that the - 
ground Is firmly and solid- 
ly packed over all parts of 
the roots by exerting the 
full weight of the planter 
upon it, so there will 
be no oiiportunity for dry 
air or frost to enter and destroy roots deprived 
of the full benefit of their natural protection. 
Omission to pack the earth solidly is a most 
fre<iuent cause of failure in planting nursery 
stock. Pill the hole full enough to be even 
with the surrounding surface after the fresh 
earth settles. Always remove the label when 
planting. If this is left vintil the tree is grown, 
the connecting wire often cuts into and destroys 
the tree or branch to which it is attached. Never 
use manure in contact with roots. When plant- 
ing dwarf trees set them low enough to cover 
the stock upon which they are budded, but not 
lower, barge standard trees should be staked 
and tied, so the wind will not loosen the 
roots. This should be so done that the bands 
will not chafe the trees. 
.Mulching — When trees or bushes are planted, 
they should be mulched or covered with a layer 
of coarse manure or litter from three to six 
inches deep for a space of. say, two feet more 
in diameter than the ex- 
tent of the roots. This 
keeps the earth about the 
roots mokst and of even 
temperature. 
.\ftcr Culture — Grass 
should not be allowed to 
grow about young trees 
or plants. The ground 
should be cultivated for a 
space of at least one foot 
outside the roots. If the 
ground is poor it should 
be enriched with surface 
applications of manure. 
Pruning should be varied 
according to the condition 
of the tree, and the pur- 
pose of the planter. It 
should 1)0 done regularly 
every Spring, before the 
buds swell. In this way 
the removal of large 
branches, which often en- 
dan.gers the life of the 
tree, will be avoided. 
Improperly Fruneil Property Pruned 
and Planted. and lUantiHl. 
