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WHEAT 
HESSIAN FLY ( Phytophaga destructor Say) 
Ohio. T. H. Paries (July 23): At the completion of the annual wheat- insect 
survey the Hessian fly was found to have increased more than anticipated. 
The average of straws infested this T, ear was 35.5 per cent, compared with 
12..5 per cent in 1931. Since some straws carried more than one flaxseed, the 
.infestation is now more than three times as heavy as in 1931. This has happen- 
ed in spite of the fact that May and June were deficient in rainfall. Nearly 
all of the infested straws remained standing and matured, a fair yield of high- 
quality wheat testing 58 to 60 pounds per bushel. Yields were under expecta- 
tions in the southern half of the State owing to the drought of May and June. 
North of Columbus the yields were good. The fly did not cause very much 
reduction in yield in spite of the high infestation in some fields. Fourteen 
fields averaged between 70 and 92 per cent infestation, the highest infested 
field having been sowed after the fly-free date. This year the .early-sowed 
fields did not carry any more infestation at harvest time than those fields 
sowed after the proper seeding date. The early sowed fields were heavily 
infested during the fall and winter, but at harvest time there were very few 
lodged straws in these fields and they suffered no great yield reduction. 
However, they did not usually yield so well as the later sowed fields, as the 
past winter was not severe on late wheat. During the survey more than the 
usual number of flaxseeds were found to be desiccated and to contain dead 
larvae. Parasitism was also rather high. In making the survey, ten fields 
were examined in each county and 100 straws examined in each field. Following 
are the percentages of straws found, infested in each of the 24 counties 
surveyed: Fulton, 27; Henry, 39; Wood, 51; Putnam, 17; Seneca, 62; Huron, 68; 
Wyandot, 30; Richland, 28; Wayne, 58; Stark, 56; Holmes, 54; Knox, 25; Delawa 
28; Hardin, 16; Champaign, 28; Clark, 29; Miami, 47; Butler, 32; Clinton, 33; 
Clermont, 24; Pickaway, 20; Fairfield, 17; Ross, 7; Shelby, 52; average for 
State, 35.5 per cent. 
Indiana. I-I. 0. Deay (July 25): The Hessian fly is more abundant than for many 
years. According to our records many fields have from 90 to 98 per cent of 
the stubble infested. The infestation in the southwestern part of the State di 
not become so severe as earlier records would indicate. Infestation in the 
central part is much more severe than it lias been for a number of years. 
Michigan. R. Hutson (July 23): Generally ahundant through the southern end of the 
lower peninsula. 
Minnesota. A. G. Ruggles (July 26): Quite bad in winter wheat in a few southern 
counties. No definite reports from spring wheat. 
Nebraska. M. H. Swenk (June 20 to July 20): Wheat harvest completed, and the fear 
that the Hessian fly would make severe inroads upon the yield in southeastern 
Nebraska were fully realized. 
WKFAT STEM MAGGOT ( Meromyza amcricana Fitch) 
Michigan. R. Hutson (July 8): M. americana. is present to the extent of approxi- 
mately 1 per cent in most fields of barley in the lower peninsula. 
