EARLY MAN IN BRITISH EAST AFRICA 23 
has been done in Europe, and, to some extent, in South 
Africa. 
In Europe the works of Stone Age man have been divided 
into some seven periods, commencing with the Chellean as the 
oldest and ending with the Azilian. Anthropologists have, 
however, only been able to do this on the grounds of differences 
in the associated faunal remains, which differences were partly 
due to changes of climate and partly due to the natural progress 
of development. In South Africa up to now the experts have 
not been able to correlate these European divisions with the 
various deposits found in that area, although they have found 
the remains of Mastodon, extinct form of bubaline antelope 
or hartebeest ; Bubalus baini, an extinct buffalo whose horns 
are much larger than anything now in existence, e.g. fourteen 
feet on the curve ; an extinct horse called Equus capensis, 
and traces of hyaena. 
In East Africa the only animal remains found in associa- 
tion with stone implements were found in the Morendat Valley, 
near Naivasha, and consisted of a fragment of the jaw of an 
extinct horse named Equus hollisi, by Professor Ridgeway 
(‘ Proceedings Zoological Society,’ October 1909) ; it was found 
in beds of volcanic ash deposited in late Tertiary times under 
the waters of Naivasha Lake, which during that period covered 
a much greater extent than at present. 
Any attempt to correlate the periods of a Stone Age in 
Africa with those of Europe is undesirable, for to do so one 
would have to work on false premises. As one well-known 
authority says : ‘ There never can be universal contemporaneity 
of an industry, and any attempt to make similar “ cultures ” 
of the same age over widely separated areas will receive but 
little support from facts in the field.’ 
Taking the Stone Age in Africa generally, there is little doubt 
that it continued on into fairly recent times and lived side by 
side with the use of iron. Many good authorities maintain 
that the art of working in iron had its birthplace in Africa, and if 
we accept this belief we can legitimately argue that when it 
appeared, or where it early obtained a firm root, it conflicted 
with the development of the stone-working industry, crushed it 
out of existence, and thus prevented its ever reaching its 
