INSECT PEST SURVEY BULLETIN 
Vol « l6 Supplement to No. 5 July 15, 1936 
THE SPECIES AND DISTRIBUTION OF GRASSHOPPERS IN THE 1935 OUTBREAK 
Rober t L. Shotwell, Entomologist 
In the ad alt -grasshopper survey conducted late in the summer and 
early in the fall of 1935, specimens were collected in typical environments. 
These specimens were counted to determine the percentages of each species 
in the total number taken in each habitat. Similar collections were made in 
the summer of 1934 in four States — North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, 
and Wyoming — and the results were published as supplement 9, volume 14, of 
the Insect Pest Survey Bulletin. In 1935, this wont was e-panded to include 
seven additional States — Colorado, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, 
Utah, and Wisconsin. 
Natural Vegetation Areas in Which Collections Were Macs 
The general types of vegetation areas in whic.': collections were ma.de 
are outlined road the important plants listed below. 1/ 
!• Nor theastern nine forest (,jr,ck. red, and ^hite -pines )— Wisconsin and 
Michigan. 
2 * Northeastern hardwoods (birch, beech, maple, hemlock) — Wisconsin and 
Michigan. 
3 « Southern hardwood (oak and hickory) — Wisconsin and Michigan. 
Other plants found in Wisconsin and Michigan areas include: 
Grasses : Quackgrass ( Agropyron rep ens ) , cheat (Broraus secalinus ) , 
downy brome (B. tectorum ) , green and yellow foxtail ( Chaetochloa viridis 
and C. glauca ) , squirreltail ( Ho rdeum jubatum ) , ticklegrass ( Panicum capillare ), 
switchgrass (P. virgatum ), and Poa spp. 
1/ The natural vegetation areas were described largely from the work 
of H. L, Shantz and Raphael Zon in the Atlas of American Agriculture, part 
1, The Physical Basis of Agriculture, sect. E, Natural Vegetation (October 
1924), issued by the United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of 
Agricultural Economics, under the supervision of 0. E. Baker. The collections 
were made by field agents of the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, 
in cooperation with the various State entomological agencies. 
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