- .215 - 
(b) Western wheatg r ass and sagebrush: Badlands of North Dakota, a 
large area extending diagonally from northwest to southeast in the eastern half 
of Montana and east of Big Horn Mountains, Wyoming, and extreme northwestern 
part of Dakota, all more or less "broken country. Principal grasses are 
western wheat grass ( Agropyron smithii ) , nigg.ern.dpl (Carex filifolia ) , Poa spp. , 
Koleria , and C alamagro s t i s . Principal plants are sage ( Artemisia cana and 
A. f rigida ) , gum weed, buckbrush, and many other plants and shrubs common to the 
short-grass area. 
(c) Grama grass : General eastern two-thirds of Montana east of Big 
Horn Mountains in Wyoming, extending to the Black Hills and down along the 
boundary between South Dakota and Wyoming, into Colorado close to the mountains. 
The principal grass is grama ( Bouteloua gracilis ) . Other grasses are nigger- 
wool ( Carex filifolia ) , junegrass ( Koleria cristate. ) , and Poa spp. Prominent 
spring flowers are white mountain-lily ( Lecicocrir.um montanum ) , pas que flower 
( Pulsatilla hirsutissima ) , phlox ( Phlo x hoodii ) , wild onion ( Allium textile ) , 
and ground daisy ( Town.ser.dia ex- crpa). Mountain sage ( Artem i sia f rigid a) is 
abundant with grass. In overgrazed or rocky or barren areas matchweed 
( Gut i e rre z i a sar o thr " i; ) , S elagin^ l la densa (club-foot mos\:), plantain ( Plantago 
p urshii ) , and Poa ^ecunda are prominent. Along coulee bo '.oms is western 
wheatgrass ( Agropyron smithii ) . The trees and shrubs are t,hose common to the 
entire short-grass area. 
(d) Grama grass and mountain sag e : Along the eastern front of the 
mountains. Principal graces and plants are grama grass ( Bouteloua g racilis ) , 
niggerwool ( Carex fili folia) , mountain sage ( Artemisia f rigida ) , yarrow 
( Achillea millefolium ) , Priogonum spp., penstemons, wild roses, and lupines* 
(e) Grama and bu ffalo grass: Most of eastern Colorado, western Nebraska 
and a strip east and west, south of the White River in South Dakota. Occurring 
in equal quantities are grama grass ( Bouteloua gracilis ) and buffalo grass 
( Buchloe dactyloides ) . Other grasses under more moist conditions are western 
needlegrass ( Stiua comata ) , wiregrass ( Aristida longiseta ) , and sand sporobolus 
( Sporobolus c ryptandrus ) . Most of the plants are low-growing and include 
plantain ( P Ian t ago pur shi i ) , annual fescue ( Pestuca octoflora ) , pennyroyal 
( Hedeoma hi spida ) , boggartick ( Lappulr occidentalis ) , soapweed or Spanish 
bayonet ( Yucca glauca ) , pricklypear ( Opuntia ) , and, where the soil is wetter, 
mare's-tail ( Leptilon canadense ) , and gumweed ( Grindelia squarrosa ) . Along 
the streams and rivers are species of Populus and Salix . 
(f) Wiregrass : Southwestern Nebraska. An open cover of grama and 
buffalo grass with a scattered growth of wiregrass ( Aristida longiseta). 
There are many deep-rooted plants such as Psoralea tenui flora and bush morn- 
ing-glory ( Ipomoea lystophylla) . 
6. Foothill, or western yellow pine and Douglas fir forest — 
Black Hills and eastern front of main range in Colorado * The chief 
trees are rock or western yellow pine ( Pinu s pendcrosa ) and Douglas-fir 
( Pseudotsuga mucronata ) on the north slopes. In the southeastern part of 
Colorado is the pinyon pine ( Pinus edulus ) . The grasses are grama ( Bouteloua 
gracilis ) , junegrass ( Koleria cristata ) ♦ numerous shrubs of the genera 
Syrtrphorocarpos (buckbrush) , Rhus (sumac), Ribes (gooseberry and currant), 
