SOME NOTES ON THE EARLY HOMINID.ZE 205 
horizon of the Java man were correctly defined as the border- 
land between the Pliocene and Pleistocene periods, one could 
form some idea how far back we had to travel to reach the 
common stock from which men and anthropoids had sprung.’ 
The lower races of to-day, he concluded, were also survivals 
of intermediary links, which had been thrown into the side 
eddies of the great stream of evolution. 
I will now dismiss the Java man with the statement that, 
besides having acquired the erect posture, he was of the average 
height of 5 feet 6 inches. 
Homo Heidelbergensis. — With the dismissal of Homo 
Javanensis we find ourselves being introduced to a new species 
in the person of Homo Heidelbergensis. 
Dr. Schoetensack, in 1909, at a place called Mauer, to the 
south-east of Heidelberg, discovered a perfectly preserved 
lower jaw of a primitive man, which justly claims to represent 
a new species. It was discovered in a bed of sand about 
80 feet from the surface, and from these sands bones of several 
different animals have been brought to light. 
Among the more important of these are the bones of 
Elephas antiquus, a form allied to the African elephant ; also 
those of Bhinoceros etruscus, a species not uncommon in the 
Upper Pliocene deposits ; a lion much like our African form ; 
also several deer. 
Teeth of a horse are also present, the species being inter- 
mediate between the existing Equus caballus and the Pliocene 
Equus stenonis. 
The presence of Ele'phas antiquus takes us back to the Lower 
Palaeolithic horizon, while Bhinoceros etruscus points to a date 
still more anterior. In the opinion of those best able to judge, 
the Mauer sands were laid down during the first genial inter- 
glacial period. 
The Heidelberg jaw is unique in many respects. The 
dentition is normal, and is quite human in every respect ; 
the canines do not project beyond the other teeth, the incisors 
are small, not larger in fact than those of the present races 
of men. 4 The dentition is in some respect less simian than 
that which may be sometimes observed in existing primitive 
races — such, for instance, as the Australians ’ (Prof. Sollas, 
