SOME NOTES ON THE EARLY HOMINIDiE 215 
The frontal bone immediately above the torus slopes 
rapidly backwards, the vertex being low and flat. The bones 
of the skull are of great thickness, especially in the region of 
the superciliary ridges. 
In the frontal region the base of the skull is abnormally 
high, thus encroaching on the space reserved for the frontal 
lobes of the brain. It must not be concluded from this that 
the Neanderthal race possessed a small cranial capacity, for 
careful measurements of the La Chapelle aux Saints skull 
gave the enormous capacity of 1600 c.c. Other skulls of the 
race give similar measurements. 
Fig. 11 . — The Gibraltar Skull (after Sollas). 
The Gibraltar skull, however, is an exception, giving 
a capacity of 1250 c.c. Should this skull be that of a woman, 
another 150 c.c. added would give 1400 c.c., which would be 
the relative weight for a man. (Eig. 11.) 
As regards cranial capacity the Neanderthal race is superior 
to the modern European, with an average capacity of 1500 c.c. 
It is evident from the above that the Mousterians were 
a big- brained race ; their nearest living allies, the Australians, 
being much inferior in this respect. 
The two Spy skulls, discovered by Professor Max Lohest, 
are in complete harmony as regards anatomical detail with 
the Neanderthal specimen. 
The jaw found in the cave of La Naulette shows very 
simian characters, so much so that Virchow denied its human 
