218 
MIGRATION OF BIRDS 
caves, and the Aurignacian, which probably occupied the 
greater portion of the last inter-glacial period. 
During the last four Palaeolithic epochs — namely, the Azilian, 
Magdalenian, Solutrean, and Aurignacian — Europe was in- 
habited by distinct races. Whether these peoples left any 
progeny to carry on the evolution of the human race, or whether 
they suffered the fate of extermination, is unknown ; but they 
differed only very slightly from modern man and certainly 
belonged to the species Homo sapiens. Between Mousterian 
man and modern man there is a wide breach. At times the 
discovery of the remains of modern man have been reported 
in strata considerably antedating Aurignacian times ; but 
expert evidence has always gone to show that these hypo- 
thetical pre- Aurignacian H. sapiens will not stand a rigid 
scrutiny. 
Thus Palaeolithic times may well be divided into two 
portions : 
1. An early period, in which four different species of the 
Hominidae came into existence, and disappeared — namely (a) 
Homo Javanensis, (b) Homo Heidelbergensis, ( c ) Eoanthropus 
Dawsoni, and ( d ) Homo Neanderthalensis. 
2. A later period, the greater outstanding feature of which 
is' the total disappearance of all the above species, and in 
their place the appearance of Homo sapiens. 
The Aurignacian and his successors constitute essential 
man ; before this we find ourselves among unfamiliar forms, 
which mark the slow steps of evolution upwards — from the 
semi-simian precursor to Homo sapiens himself. 
MIGRATION OF BIRDS 
(Paper read at the Ninth Ordinary Meeting of Members, J uly 9) 
By V. G. L. van Someken, M.B.O.U. &c. 
The subject of the Migration of Birds is an extremely wide 
one, of absorbing interest, and one about which we know very 
little. 
