MIGRATION OF BIRDS 
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In this country we have even better examples of local migrants 
— such as the various species of Starlings, Pigeons, and other 
fruit-eating species, which wander to localities where a fresh 
supply of food is to be found ; and, on a much larger scale, the 
Black- breasted Kavirondo Quail. This group merges into the 
next, the Partial Migrants. These are species which are 
represented in a country throughout the year, but whose 
numbers decrease, to be later on increased by the influx of birds 
of the same species from other countries. The Ducks of this 
country may be taken to represent this group. At certain 
times of the year (the period of which needs further study), 
duck abound on Lakes Nakuru and Naivasha in thousands, 
but the majority disappear to reappear in a few months in 
similar numbers. 
Passage Migrants are those species which migrate from one 
hemisphere to another, passing through various countries 
en route. 
In the case of long-distance or Passage Migrants it might 
be suggested that those species which migrate farthest south 
are those which come from the most southerly portion of their 
northern range, but in reality the converse appears to hold 
good ; thus we find that birds which come farthest south 
travel to the most northern limits of their range to breed. 
Examples will be given later, but one may be given here to 
illustrate the point. The Curlew Sandpiper, whose northern 
range is the Arctic seaboard of Norway and Sweden, Russia 
and Siberia, nests most commonly in Spitzbergen, Nova 
Zembla, and around the mouth of the Yenesei ; yet migrates 
to East Africa as far south as Cape Town. This is all the 
more interesting when we take into consideration the fact 
that the areas where these birds nest is free from snow and 
ice for two to three months in the year only (N.B., times of 
arrival and departure of this bird). 
That long-distance migration does take place has been 
proved by the fact that birds marked in their northern range 
have been recovered far south, even as far south as Cape 
Colony ; for example, a young Stork, marked as a nestling in 
the north of Holland, was shot just outside Cape Town. Again, 
amongst the specimens illustrating this paper will be found 
