MIGRATION OF BIRDS 
227 
week. They then passed on. None passed through this 
place on the northward move, but specimens were collected 
at Nakuru in March 1913, and a young male was obtained 
on the western slopes of Elgon on April 18. The Elgon bird 
which I exhibit is a young male, still in its second plumage, 
and though presumably migrating north, shows no signs of 
assuming the full breeding dress. Had it reached its summer 
quarters it presumably would not have bred. 
Care should be exercised, when recording the arrival of 
young or female birds, not to confuse them with those of 0. 
notatus, which they closely resemble. 
2. The Tawny Pipit ( Anthus campestris) has been recorded 
from East Africa, but specimens were probably wrongly 
identified. I doubt whether this bird migrates farther south 
than northern tropical Africa. Local Pipits, very like A. 
cam'pestris, flock just about the time that migrants arrive. 
8. The Tree Pipit (Anthus trivialis). — Summer resident 
England and Wales ; breeds in northern half of Europe ; arriving 
April, leaving September. Migrates to tropical Africa. 
The specimens shown include birds taken from October 
to April. Yery plentiful round Nairobi, particularly common at 
Naivasha, Nakuru, and Kisumu. October birds are much 
worn and have a mottled appearance, while the April birds 
are much more uniform and distinctly ochraceous above and 
below. These birds in worn plumage can be readily dis- 
tinguished from the next species by having the rump almost 
uniform, not speckled. 
4. The Red-turoated Pipit ( Anthus cervinus) breeds in the 
north of Russia, Siberia ; arriving end of May, and leaving 
middle of August. Fair numbers arrived in Nairobi area. 
In October they were in fair plumage, though adult birds had 
commenced to moult. 
Most had red-brown throats. A series was collected through- 
out their stay, and showed that most birds were in full winter 
dress in December, and they then resembled worn specimens 
of A. trivialis, but were more boldly marked. 
Up to the time of departure of the majority, in March, none 
were in full breeding dress. Did they continue their moult 
while travelling north ? 
