MIGRATION OF BIRDS 
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34. The Thrush Nightingale (Lucinia lucinia) as a breed- 
ing species, occurs in the eastern half of Europe, and is the 
common Nightingale to be met with in these parts in winter. 
I have collected them between October and March. They sing 
while here. 
35. The Western Nightingale (Lucinia megarhyncha ) . — - 
Confined to England and western half of Continent in summer ; 
these birds migrate to West and North Africa. An undoubted 
example of this form was shot by me in Nairobi in November. 
It was apparently a stray bird. 
36. The European Swallow ( Hirundo rustica ) is a summer 
resident in England and Europe generally, from March to 
October, though some individuals remain through November 
and December and occasionally throughout the winter. They 
commence their southward migration in mid-September from 
England, but specimens have been collected here in early August 
(probably birds from South Europe) ; and these are joined on 
the way by the Egyptian Swallow, which is also a partial 
migrant and most remain with us until April ; but individuals 
have been taken in June and July, and no doubt some remain 
with us throughout the year. 
37. The House Martin (Chelidon urbica) has been noted to 
arrive in England in March ; but most arrive between April 
and June, and are distributed over Europe generally. The 
southward migration takes place from September to mid- 
October generally, but specimens arrive here in October, and 
have been observed to be leaving in April. 
38. The Sand Martin ( Cotile riparia). — The arrival and de- 
partures are similar to the above, but they are much commoner 
in the winter in these parts than the preceding species. 
39. The Swift, European and Chinese (Apus apus and 
? Cypselus pacificus). — The former are resident in England and 
Europe from April to September. Most birds migrate to the 
west coast of Africa, but occasionally flocks take the eastern 
route and arrive here in August and September. The latter 
arrives and leaves at practically the same times. 
40. The European Nightjar (Caprimulgus europceus) 
arrives in England and Europe in May, and leaves in September. 
Specimens have been recorded from East Africa from October 
