MIGRATION OF BIEDS 
235 
also found nesting in Southern Europe. The birds from the 
north pass the winter in the tropics ; thus the number of birds 
is increased in this country between October and March. 
48. The Avocet (Recurvirostra avocetta) is also a breeding 
bird in this country, but numbers are certainly increased 
with arrivals from the north in October. 
49. The Common Curlew ( Numenius arquata) breeds in 
North Britain and North Europe to Asia, in February to June. 
Migrates south to all parts of Africa, arriving here, especially on 
the coast, in large numbers in October and remaining till March, 
when most go north, but some individuals remain here all the 
year round. 
50. The Whimbrel (Numenius phceopus) breeds in Iceland, 
North Europe, and Siberia, wintering in Africa. Makes its 
appearance here as early as August, and leaves in April ; but 
with this species also some remain all the year round. Probably 
these are young. 
51. The Great Snipe ( Gallinago major) breeds in the north 
of Russia, west to Scandinavia, east to Siberia, and south to 
Denmark. They are quite common here in winter during 
December to the third week of May. 
52. The Common Snipe (Gallinago coelestis) breeds in Ice- 
land to North and Temperate Europe, and Asia ; comes to this 
country in October, and remains till March and occasionally 
April. 
53. The Jack Snipe (Gallinago gallinula) breeds in the 
Arctic regions of the Old World, passes south on migration to 
East Africa. It is not a common bird. I have collected it 
here from November to February. 
54-57. Terns. — Several species winter here— such as the 
White-winged Black Tern, the Gull-billed Tern, the Sooty 
Tern, and others ; but I cannot give dates for these, except 
the first, which come here in large numbers in November, 
remaining here till late on in May, most of them then being 
young. 
58. The Lesser Black-backed Gull (Larus fuscus ). — 
Some may be migrants, but others undoubtedly remain here 
all the year round. 
59. The Landrail (Crex crex). — I cannot say when these 
