43 
Chalk Cliffs near Dover . 
when the red sand no longer appears, commonly lies on chalk 
ruin, sometimes containing flints, and which, in the lower parts, of 
the cliffs, is often of considerable thickness. It occurs more or less 
in all such places, from the termination of the red sand, about half 
way between Folkstone and Dover, quite to the extent of the cliff 
near Walmer Castle. On the low cliff, for instance S. W. of Dover, 
the chalk rubble is in some parts fifteen feet thick, and is covered by; 
alluvium holding flints of about the same thickness. On the higher 
parts of the cliff, however, the rubble is rarely visible ; and the newer 
alluvium, including Shakspeare’s Cliff to Kingsdown Bay, rarely 
exceeds two feet in thickness ; while on those parts of the summits 
of the cliff, of which the descent is quickest, as well as on the hill on 
which Dover Castle is built, and on the elevations for some miles east 
of it, the alluvium is rarely a foot thick. Descending by the Dover 
road to Folkstone from the signal-house, the alluvium on each side 
becomes less and less tinged with the red sand ; and before reaching 
the first chalk opening, it assumes the character of the newer allu- 
vium, enclosing rounded masses of chalk and fragments of flints, and 
is very thin. Large and numerous fragments of flint are turned up 
by the plough in the cultivated land forming a gentle declivity 
towards Folkstone, and commencing at the bottom of the hollow 
above which the road descends : — but nearer to Folkstone, in the 
lower parts of this declivity, the alluvium is very thick. In the 
field, for instance, which has already been mentioned, as being of the, 
blue marie covered by alluvium, it is nearly ten feet thick, and con- 
sists of clay intermingled with chalk, fragments of flint, of which the 
surfaces are in a disintegrated $tate, and fragments of ironstone.. 
The same sort of alluvial deposit seems to cover all the intermediate 
land between that place and Copt Point, wherever there is an operi- 
f 2 
