Mr. Fraser on the Rimalay Mountains . 69 
the bed of the Pabur, very irregular in its fracture, yet here, evidently 
stratified, and that pure white quartz in large rocks which has been 
before observed lying in laminae contrary to the general stratification, 
which it also experiences; and in several places from between these 
laminae trickles a spring of hot water, which certainly contains some 
extraneous matter, as it incrusts the rocks around it with a hard 
sandy ferruginous red substance,* of which as well as of the quartzose 
rock, specimens are given. Micaceous schist, of various colours, red, 
blue, grey, and white, is found in considerable abundance, with 
several varieties that I am unable to particularize, but which only 
exist in rounded small pieces. 
The stratification of the rocks forming the banks of the Jumna 
in this elevated part of its bed, is most particularly evident; the strata 
are pretty much undisturbed, and seem always to dip to the north- 
east at an angle of about forty-five degrees ; this was taken by the 
compass as nearly as possible, and it pervaded every sort of rock 
whatever. The lofty peaks forming the crest of the mountain 
exhibited the same stratification ; and in them it was very clear, 
the distance being trifling, but enough to blend the smaller parts 
together. 
It is not easy to determine the nature of the rocks forming these 
peaks, the power of frost and thaw destroys the lower parts, but as 
there are no glaciers in any part of the snowy hills, it is probable 
that no partial thaw and subsequent congelation takes place ; and 
that on the summits of these mountains a continual frost lies, pre- 
venting the grand operations of this powerful agent combined with 
the moisture generated by a thaw, in splitting the summits asunder, 
hut below it may act ; the avalanches have also great power, and no 
doubt from these causes the ruins of the loftiest peaks where the 
* Carbonate of lime, coloured by oxide of iron. 
