247 
Geological Relations of the East of Ireland. 
sition is also obvious on the western side, although less abrupt. In 
this quarter, the clay slate foundation commonly shews a dip to- 
word the south or south-west, yet with some local inflections toward 
the north or north-east. 
The southern side of this chain of mountains consists of clay 
slate, spreading in part close to the Blackwater, and immediately 
supporting floetz limestone in that quarter, which in its line of 
apposition dips toward the south. If we ascend the hills to the 
north of Lisinore by the romantic defile or glen of Ownashad, and 
gain the summit of this table land of clay slate, we find the sub- 
conical and ridgy sandstone masses of the Knockmildown moun- \ 
tains presenting features analogous to those of the Monavoullagh# 
The sandstone of both these mountain masses is in general fine 
grained, white or tinged with red, but conglomerate also appears 
occasionally. The clay slate north of the Blackwater and the vale 
of Dungarvan ranges nearly uniformly north-west and south-east, 
dipping generally from 70 to 75° toward the south-west. And 
good slate is raised in several quarries both on this side of the 
chain, as in the glen of Ownashad, and on the northern side in Glen 
Patrick, about three miles from Clonmell. The clay slate is usually 
of a reddish brown, purplish, or greenish grey colour, throughout 
the entire mountain chain. 
Lismore Castle, which has been in a great measure restored by 
the present Duke of Devonshire, is founded upon the floetz lime- 
stone rock, which bassets out from beneath its towers toward the 
north, at an angle of 30°. This castle is in itself a striking object, 
and has an imposing effect from its elevated site, impending ovejf 
the river. From the top it commands a very fine view of the rich 
scenery afforded by the vale and banks of the Blackwater, the clay 
slate hills on the north, with the more elevated groups of the 
