251 
Geological Relations of the East of Ireland . 
the west of Castlebridge. The strata dip here at an angle of 
40° toward the south, adjacent to the clay slate, but they acquire a 
lower angle in descending toward the south. 
In a dell to the westward of Artramont Castle is a similar small 
patch ; and in the demesne of Saunder’s Court is a fourth, but of 
greater extent. This seems to constitute a shield shaped mass 
applied to the southern brow of the hill, yet not extending to the 
strand below. The strata dip 30® toward the south-east. 
At Duncormack is another patch of sandstone, which comes in 
contact with floetz limestone.* 
§ 148. At Ballyhack, and at Passage opposite, and thence up- 
ward on both sides of Waterford harbour to the confluence of the 
Barrow and the Suire, we find caps of sandstone conglomerate repos- 
ing unconformably on clay slate. This conglomerate is analogous 
in composition to that of the Dunmore coast, containing frequent 
pebbles of granite, but fragments of clay slate are the predominat- 
ing constituents. An instructive junction of the clay slate and 
sandstone conglomerate may be seen on the Wexford side, to the 
north of the Arthurstown streamlet, nearly opposite to Passage ; 
the former rock ranging 25° north of west and south of east, and 
dipping in general toward the east of north, but very much con- 
torted ; and the sandstone conglomerate dipping at an angle of 
10° in a nearly uniform plane, toward the south-west. 
§ 149. Clay slate, including great beds of flinty slate, and a 
few of greenstone, lines both banks of the Suire from its 
confluence with the Barrow to the city of Waterford, but 
on the north side it upholds old sandstone, which is connected 
with that extensive mass which borders the vale of Suire on the 
north. The clay slate, which forms high cliffs north of Waterford 
* The Saltee islands, which appear off this coast, consist, I am informed, of clay slate, 
supporting masses of sandstone and sandstone conglomerate. 
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