The Hon. Mr. Strangways o?i the Strata , &c. 383 
the valley of the Ligovca ; but the very regular sweeps which the 
river makes from G to D (Plate 24), and the repetition of cliffs 
almost exactly alike, at F, E y &c. exhibiting only blue clay and 
diluvium, although much higher than those, which, lower down, 
afford such complete sections of the limestone, are apt to perplex 
any one who approaches it from this side. At first sight, it might 
be expected that it would accompany the course of the stream down 
into the plain, as on the Cuzminka (or Coozminca) ; but, on the 
contrary, the long cliff at D presents a considerable section of the 
limestone lying conformably above the blue clay, and dipping, as is 
apparent from the strata being exposed on both sides of the river, 
towards the plain, instead of towards the hills which constitute the 
great body of the formation. The intervention of the black or 
green clay is scarcely to be traced at w, but a greyish or ash-coloured 
clay, drier, and more sandy than common, is found on the right 
bank, at v. On passing the point /, the strata suddenly turn, 
upwards, and continue for some distance, producing the same dip. 
This might be supposed merely a double section, which, in the 
case of strata highly inclined, often presents a deceitful appearance, 
and seems to show a change of dip which does not really take place j 
but, in this case, the point is too gently rounded for the circuit 
stance to admit of doubt ; and to make it still more evident, two 
insulated groups of rock rise from the middle of the river, at r, and 
z/, within a short distance of one another, dipping rapidly towards 
the same point. 
The river now flows in nearly a straight line to M. The right 
bank, which is high, is so covered with alluvial rubbish, that no 
rock is exhibited ; but traces of the dark green clay are seen along 
the water’s edge at r , opposite to which, at q and /, appear two 
remarkable sections of the same clay, but so separated from each 
Vol. V. 3 c 
