404 
The Bon. Mr. Strangways on the 
direction of that district of the primitive rocks which is nearest to it in 
geographical relation. This is the granitic country of Carelia, which 
approaches to within a hundred versts north of Petersburg, possibly 
still nearer, although it has not yet been detected in situ nearer than 
Souvenoya, two posts from Wyborg. These granitic rocks form 
the southern portion of the primitive chain of Finland, connected 
on the west with those of Sweden and Norway, and on the east 
with those of the government of Olonetz and Arkhangel, which are 
probably a connecting link between Scotland and the Oural moun- 
No. I. 
Shelly limestone breaking into cubic fragments, disposed in beds moderately thick, and 
conformable to those of the subjacent schist. 
Characters. 
a. hard, sandy, yellow 
b. hard, crystalline, black 
c. tender, argillaceous, whitish 
d. hard, dark red 
e. spotted with yellow, red& green 
f. argillaceous, greenish, passing 
into the subjacent schist, a. 
Mineral Contents. 
1. calcareous spar well crystal- 
lized 
2. green carbonate of copper 
3. sulphuret of copper 
4. iron pyrites 
5. grains of green earth dissemi 
nated 
No. II. 
Organic Remains . 
1. helix 
2. pentacrinites (doubtful) 
3. fungit.es, &c. (same as at Reval) 
4. orthoceratites 
5. trilobites 
6. encrinites (paradoxus) 
7. terebratulites 
8. hysterolites 
9. lemon-shaped bodies resembling 
heads of alcyonium 
Schist argillaceous or sandy, usually in very thin lamina*, and subject to great irregularities 
of level as well as of composition. 
a. schistose greenish clay, resemb- 1. green earth, very pure 1. chamites 
ling f. of the preceding 2. yellow pyrites cubic 
b. alternating with sandy beds 3. bronze coloured pyrites 
c. yellow grit stone, mammillated octohedral 
d. yellow sand, spotted with green 4. Sulphuret of lead 
e. quarzose grit, coarse grained 5. native sulphur and earthy ditto 
f. ferruginous sand, black or red 6. radiated nodules of bituminous 
g. black schist, brown or green limestone 
argillaceous, passing into (a) 
of the next inferior series 
No. III. 
Clay not distinctly stratified ; has been penetrated to a considerable depth without dis- 
covering the subjacent rock. 
a. blue greenish clay, resembling g 1. pyrites in small quantity No organic remains have yet been 
of the preceding 2. small flakes of mica found in this bed. 
b. spotted with red and yellow 3. veins of yellow clay 
c. intersected by veins of yellow 4. grains of iron ore 
clay 
d. having a tendency to oolitic 
structure 
