444 
The Hon. Mr. Strangways on the 
a short distance of a considerable body of limestone on either side ; 
the Goumolosarka for its organic remains ; the Coshelevka for a 
small burst of the black clay which pierces the limestone during a 
short space, but which cannot be seen without walking in the bed 
of the stream. The Popovca has already been mentioned ; its 
banks are very picturesque, and abound in beautiful flow r ers ; and 
afford an instance of disturbance on the left bank, a little below the 
village of Popova. Two masses of limestone strata are divided by 
a fault or slip ; the stratification of the portion on the left is con- 
torted, that on the right regular. 
The Slavenca is worth visiting for the chamite beds, which are 
seen in perfection in a quarry on the right bank of the river, near 
the brow of the hill. The road from Grafsky Slavenca on the 
opposite side of the valley, leading through Popova to Tzarscoe 
Celo, passes down a remarkable dip of the limestone, which I sus- 
pect turns up again near the Popovca bridge. In the basin formed 
by its hollow back, is lodged a deep and impassable bog.* 
The Ishora has been sufficiently spoken of to give an idea of the 
importance of the sections on its banks. Besides the occurrence of 
the red sand, which, as has been stated, bursts up from beneath 
the limestone from Pilny Milny, below Anteleva, and is continued 
* At the junction of the Popovca and Slavenca below the village of Pezelova, the blue 
clay is seen in situ : the sandy banks and road sides above it, shew evident marks of the 
intermediate bed in situ, which may be traced on two sides to its place, dipping under the 
limestone on the Slavenca as well as the Popovca. 
Limestone pebbles abound here, which seems as if it once extended across, i. e. above 
this valley; it is not met with in situ till near the limekilns of Ontolovo, on the Slavenca, 
(not to be confounded with Anteleva on the Ishora, though both places are often spelt 
alike in the Russian maps, owing to the confusion in that language boih in writing and 
pronouncing the letters A & O). On the Popovca are also found a sort of geode, of an 
elongated cylindrical shape, rounded at the ends, usually with one or two compressions 
oh the sides. 
* 
