546 Mr. Winch on the Eastern Fart of Yorkshire. 
riches of the landed proprietors, and give to many of the poorer 
inhabitants the means of comfort and support. 
To begin at the northern extremity of this tract of country, it is 
necessary to recur to a circumstance mentioned on a former occa- 
sion, * viz. that the Tees flows over rocks of fine-grained red and 
white calcareous sandstones devoid of mica, from a short distance 
above Croft bridge to the sea. 
These beds, which must not be mistaken for the old red sand- 
stone, certainly rest upon the magnesian or Sunderland limestone, 
and are covered by the alum-slate ; though I must acknowledge I 
have never had an opportunity to ascertain this important fact. 
This might be done by ascending the little river Leven, from 
Stokesley towards its source in the mountains ; for near the mouth 
of the Tees, the places where these formations come in contact are 
buried below alluvial soil or extensive sand banks. 
This sandstone formation, containing gypsum, skirts the hilly 
country on its northern and western acclivities for a considerable 
distance from the Tees, and may again be recognised on the banks 
of the Trent near Newark, where the hills are gradually lowered 
into level plains. The soil arising from the detritus of this sand- 
stone partakes of the brick red colour of the rocks from which it 
is detached ; and the fine crops produced in the vale of Cleveland 
prove it to be highly favourable to the growth of wheat. 
Of the mineral springs rising at Dinsdale and Croft, notice has 
been taken on a previous occasion ; f and for the analysis of the 
former, I must again refer to Mr. Peacock’s pamphlet. I have 
never heard that any brine spring had its source in this series 
of strata, though red sandstone in which gypsum abounds seems a 
* See Vol. 4, page 2, Transactions of the Geological Society. 
+ See Geol. Trans. Vol. 4, page 3. 
