94 
The South Australian Naturalist. 
The Fruits. The fruits are small being about 3/16th of an 
inch wide and long^ they are somewhat top-shaped with 3 or 4 
short valve tips protruding. The buds and fruits are very 
similar to those of £. viminalis. 
III. GEOLOGICAL. 
The Mt. Lofty Range is of Cambrian and Precambrian age. 
The candlebark is found in the quartzite hills at Stirling chiefly 
in the gullies in deep retentive soils, rich in humus. Towards the 
eastern side of the iMt. Lofty Range the more open country 
around Yantarlnga is formed of clay-slates and the candlebark 
is also a frequenter of these gullies here. In the silt swamps 
Adamson and Osborn (4) have noted that when the soil has 
organic matter diffused through it as humus, trees are present 
and here E. rubida is the chief one. 
IV. ASSOCIATIONS. 
The candlebark gum is essentially a tree of the rain forest 
of the Mount Lofty Ranges, attaining its maximum development 
in the sheltered gullies of the stringybark {Euc. obliqua) ioxmd.- 
tion. This gum practically grows only in the wet gullies and 
evidently needs an abundance of water, as it is not found far 
from it. It may not demand so much light as other gums, 
growing as it does in the shady gullies, although it is noticed 
that, where there is plenty of shade from other trees the canopy 
is rather open and sparse. 
This species dominates the gullies amongst the stringybark 
forest and E. obliqua is the tree most frequently associated with 
it, but in lower altitudes wdiere the quartzites give place to the 
clay-slates, especially in the broad valley bottoms at Balhannah, 
the red gum {E. rostrata), yello-\v gum {E. leucoxylon) and manna 
gum (E. viminalis) flourish in association with it. 
In a piece of natural scrub at Stirling (See fig. 2) the fol- 
lowing associations were noted. E. rubida was found in two small 
creekways wnth a few trees of E. obliqua. In or near the creek- 
wmys were several trees of Exocarpus cupressiforjnis, Acacia rheti- 
nodes and A. melanoxylon. Tall shrubs of Leptospermuvi lani- 
gerurn were found in the water or close to it, this plant is Usually 
found in lower altitudes, e.g., in the lower part of the Torrens 
River Gorge at about 600 ft. above sea level, while its altitude at 
Stirling is about 1700 ft. In the creekway the large rush Gahm 
psittacorum, another rush Cladium tetragonum and J uncus paua- 
jlorus were found. In the damp ground were seen Goodeim ova- 
ta. Senecio hypoleucus, Leptospermum scoparium, Pteridium 
aquilmum and Acrotriche fasciculijlora. 
