adjoining the foothills of Morialta. On the lower slopes of the 
hills in the gullies in the blue-gum zone E . viminalis (manna gum) 
is common. These three eucalypt species are distinguished 
botanically by the nature of their capsules, but E. odorata can 
be determined by its brown-grey furrowed bark and dingy 
foliage, E. leucoxylon by its straight stems and deciduous bark, 
and E. viminalis by its greener and more pendant foliage. 
In the blue-gum woodland at Morialta, the golden wattle, 
Acacia pycnantha, occurs only occasionally as a tall shrub ; the 
commonest undershrubs are Hibbertia acicularis, H. sericea. and 
Olearia tubuliflora. Herbaceous plants, especially small com- 
posites and geophytic bulbous plants, chiefly belonging to the 
Liliaceae and Orchidaceae , are also a feature of this plant com- 
munity. Originally many native grasses were common, but these 
have practically disappeared before aggressive introduced grasses 
which have captured the habitat. The chief of these at Morialta 
is the wild-oat, Avena fatua, but other aliens belonging to the 
genera Briza, Bromus , and Festuca, are also common. The 
parasitic flowering plant Loranthus Miquelii (mistletoe) is only 
too common on these blue gums and it is rare to find a tree not 
infested by it. 
As a general rule the savannah forests have been much 
changed by alien plants since the settlement of the State. This 
is due to their open nature, grass-like flora, and also to the fact 
that they are near to the chief ports of the State from whence dis- 
-semination of aliens has taken place. The olive ( Olea enropaea ) 
and cotton bush ( Asclepias rotundifolia) are to-day the com- 
monest shrubs in the woodlands at Morialta, whilst briar ( Rosa 
rnbiginosa ) and the South African composite Osteospermum 
moniliferum are also common. The extent of introduced aliens, 
which are chiefly found in the savannah woodlands, can be gauged 
from the fact that of the 307 plants listed for the reserve, 
seventy-seven, that is, one-quarter of the total, are aliens. An 
interesting result of the large numbers of cotton bushes found 
at Morialta is the presence, during the summer, of thousands of 
“ Wanderer” butterflies ( Danaus plexippus), for which Asclepias 
forms the main feeding plant. 
2. Sclerophyll Forest 
"PHE sclerophyll forest on the tops of the high hills is dominated 
by the stringybark, E. obliqua. Its bark is greyish and peels 
off in long strips and the leaves are unsymmetrical. It is resistant 
to bush fires to a high degree, chiefly owing to its fibrous bark, 
and after fires dormant buds sprout along the whole length of 
the trunk. Under the trees there is a great wealth of under- 
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