The South Australian Naturalist. 
125 
and tlie formation of grooves and striae in the rocks and boul- 
ders left behind. Such remains are found in many countries, 
now as in Australia, quite free from glacial action. Possibly 
the remains of the most ancient ice-fields 'are fouzid in 
Caziada, the glacial beds covering a proved area of about 1,000 
miles by 100. 
in South Australia tillite beds deposited by ice actinn in 
(.'ambrian times occur over a large area. Probably the most 
accessible area is that disclosed in the gorge of the Sturt River, 
extending from Eden Hills Railway Station to the Soutli Road, 
near the Flagstaff Hotel, at Sturt. Near Mount Grainger, 
Mr. R. L. Jack has mapped the tillite beds and ascertained 
that they include deposits respectively 615 feet and 890 feet 
in thickness. The Tapley^’s Hill clay-slates, so largely used in 
Adelaide as building stone in most of the early (u*ections, were 
probably formed by tiie redistributed rock meal which had 
been deposited under seasonal conditions, and owed its well- 
known banded appearance to alternating lay^ers of fine and 
coarse material. Possibly these tillites owe their deposition 
to the agency of lloating ice coming across the sea from land 
to the westward. 
in many countries of the world signs of a later glaciation 
(possibly Pleistocene) have been describt^d. To this series 
iielong the gLacial tillites of the Inman \ alley, Hailett's Cove, 
ivatigaroo Island, and Lower Yorke Peninsula. There is evi- 
dence to show that these deposits were laid down by land ice 
travelling from east to west along valley bottoms, with an 
extension to the north as far as Hailett'’s Cove. 
Still further evidence of glaciation iias lately been re- 
ceived from Central Australia. Just Avithiu the Northern 
Territory, on the Finke River, there is an outcrop of typical 
tillite with many striated boulders scattered through it. There 
are other outcrops in the same region, but rurtluu* n\si'arcn 
is necessary to determine the extent, origio, and geological 
age of the deposited rock. 
Another problem arises from the occuiTence of large 
numbers of boulders resting on the Lower Cretaceous shale oc- 
curring in parts of the Great Artesian basin, and first recorded 
by Mr. 11. Y. L. Brown in 1894. There is very little evidence 
as yet available upon which to deduce any conclusion respect- 
ing the age of this latter glacial period. 
In the Kosciusko tableland of New ^South Wales we find 
clear evidence of two stages of glaciation. The snow-line of 
the earlier stage descended to about 3,000 feet below the exist- 
ing smow-line. A second and less extensive glaeiation fol- 
lowed, in which valley-gfaciers were formed, leaving their 
