vol. xx. (2) NOTES ON COTTESWOLD-MALVERN REGION 
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Class 
C. — Drift, composed of Permian and Triassic pebbles and 
waterworn flints mainly scattered over the surface. 
Many of the pebbles are “ wind polished.” 
D. — Erratic boulders, pebbles, flints, sands, and fragments of 
marine shells derived from the great ice-sheets. 
E. — Siliceous sands without Drift pebbles. 
F. — Silt and other alluvial deposits, peat, submerged forests, 
and Calc-tufa. 
Drift pebbles and flints occurring above elevations of about 
700 feet on the Cottesw r olds and about 420 feet on the Malvems 
have been carried to their present positions by man. 
The term “ Drift ” given to various deposits by Lucy, 
Symonds, and other authors being insufficiently distinctive, 
the present writer has restricted its application to materials 
foreign to the district, with the qualification where necessary 
of a prefix, e.g. “ Bunter Drift,” “ Glacial Drift.” 
The origin and mode of introduction of the above-named 
constituents will, within the limits of available space, be 
discussed in the approximate chronological order of the deposits 
of which they form a part. 
In this paper the term “ Severn Plain ” is used for that part 
of the region hung between the Cottesw'olds and the Malverns ; 
and the “ Severn Valley ” for the low ground through wdnch 
the river winds. 
At the beginning of the Pleistocene Period the Cotteswolds, 
the Malverns, and the intervening Severn Plain, after long 
exposure to sub-aerial denudation, were approximating to their 
present contours, which were yet to be modified by more active 
erosion during the Ice Age. The changes referable to that 
period include the addition of a part of the drainage area of 
the Dee to that of the Severn, the deflection of streams by banks 
of debris carried from the hills and the ice-sheets, and the 
deposition of gravels and sands. 
It is improbable that, after the long period of elevation 
above the sea, any remnants of marine or estuarine deposits of 
Tertiary age then survived in the Severn Valley. Although it 
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