vol. xx. (2) NOTES ON COTTESWOLD-MALVERN REGION 103 
suggestive of disturbance by moving ice, examples of which may 
be seen in old quarries on the Cotteswolds, where that agency 
could not have been exercised. 
II. The Local Deposits. 
The gravels, sands, and clays included in Class A are formed 
of the disintegrated rocks of the district, and are found at all 
elevations on the Cotteswolds, the Malvems, and the Severn 
Plain, to which last area large quantities have been carried from 
the hills by rivers, by floods from melting ice and snow, and by 
torrential streams due to cloud-bursts. In combination with 
Drift materials they also form a constituent of the valley 
gravels. On the east of the Severn the superficial deposits 
consist mainly of Jurassic debris and a small quantity from 
Rhaetic and Keuper rocks near the river. The Jurassic gravels 
are generally sub-angular, but in some places, even near the 
Cotteswolds, as at Charlton Kings, 320 feet O.D., there are 
seams of rounded and smooth pebbles. These are generally 
in situations where streams may have assisted in transporting 
the gravel. On the west of the Severn several of the Primary 
and Secondary formations are represented, a large proportion 
consisting of rocks from the Malvern Range. Between 
Worcester and Gloucester the pebbles derived from rocks on 
either side of the rivei are very rarely intermingled. On the 
west of the Severn one pebble of oolitic limestone has been 
found at Holdfast, while on the east Malvernian or other pebbles 
from the western side have been observed only at Kempsey and 
Ripple. The cause of this separation is not quite clear, but it 
may be that the broken ridge that now partly borders the river 
was formerly continuous, or that the Severn has for a long period 
been of sufficient breadth and the current strong enough to 
prevent intermingling. 
The age of deposits composed solely of local materials is 
difficult to determine unless they overlie peat or other recent 
vegetable growths or contain unrolled mammalian bones, shells 
of mollusca, or other identifiable remains. Parts of the super- 
ficial deposits in this class may therefore be of any age during 
which the original rocks have been exposed, and insolubility 
