IIO 
PROCEEDINGS COTTESWOLD CLUB 
1919 
main lines of drainage were those still indicated by modem 
rivers or deserted channels. 
V. The Malverns and Adjacent Valleys. 
The oldest and, so far as is at present known, the most 
elevated Drift pebbles (part of Class C) in situ on or near the 
Malverns, occur at elevations between about 380 and 420 feet 
O.D. in the surface soil of the “ Beacon ” and “ Martins ” 
Farms, situated respectively on the north and south sides of 
the Wain (“ Wayend ”) Street, above Eastnor. The Drift 
consists of small and well-rounded quartz and quartzite pebbles, 
which lie in a soil composed mainly of sandy clay with angular 
fragments of local origin including Archaean granite and diorites, 
Hollybush quartzites, conglomerates and sandstones of 
Cambrian age and Silurian shales and limestones. No flints 
or other foreign materials have been found. It has been 
suggested that these pebbles have been derived from local 
Cambrian or Llandovery conglomerates, but up to the present 
time no rocks containing similar pebbles have been observed 
in the vicinity. Dr. T. T. Groom described certain deposits 
in the same area as “ Drift,” but did not state whether they 
were composed of other than local rock fragments ( 72 , pp. 131, 
161-66). 
At various lower levels in the valley extending from Sheep 
Hill, Suckley, 310 feet O.D., to The Pinetum, Highnam, 216 feet 
O.D., there are roughly-bedded gravels and sands (Classes A 
and C), some of which, in addition to local debris, and Permian 
and Bunter pebbles, contain flints, Jurassic fossils, mainly 
Gryphcea arcuata, and fragments of Old Red Sandstone and 
other rocks over which the River Teme still flows. Sections 
of these deposits are given in 68, pp. 4-8, and a list of mammalian 
remains on p. 9. 
Drift pebbles are rare on the eastern side of the Range. 
A few are recorded from the Imperial Hotel, 300 feet O.D., 
and they begin to appear on the Plain, at about 270 feet O.D., 
three-quarters of a mile from the eastern end of the Tunnel, 
whence they extend to the banks of the Severn. 
