-340- 
L, 
Coccus he sperid Om / ffas abundant o.n isolated trees in May in San Pedro de 
Pontes de Oca, and did "sono damage on newly- budded trees when they broke into 
growth. 
SUMMARY OF BISECT CONDITIONS IN BRAZIL FOR 1931 
By Edson J. Harblcton 
Escola Superior do Agricultura e Vet erinaria, Minas Geraes 
The following notes on inse'et observations were taken alnost entirely on the 
college grounds at Vicosa, Minas Geraes. Reference is nade to those of Dr. Carlo 
Moreira, Institute Biologico, Rio do Janeiro. 
Atta sexden.s Forel is by far the worst insect in all Brazil. Many farm land 
have absolutely been abandoned. 
Stcphanoderos hanpei Ferr. , which was introduced into the State of Sao Paulo 
in coffee seed several years ago, was well established before the plague was an- 
nounced by a grower in Campinas in 1924. Regardless, however, of the thorough 
work^and the continued 'fight that has been waged in some 30 counties, the insect 
continues to spread and is causing alnost total loss on plantations where control 
is not practiced. Farms in the heaviest infested regions that did not produce 1. 
per cent of sound coffee a few -years ago.' are now producing 95 per cent marketable 
coffee. Prorops nasuta Wtrst. was collected in Uganda, Africa, by Dr. A. Henpcl. 
Reports fron Sao Paulo at the end of this. year, indicated that the parasite was 
becoming well established and that recoveries were being nade within a kilometer 
fron the liberation points. 
The Mediterranean fruit fly ( Ceratitis capitata T7ied.) was present in usual 
numbers throughout nost of the year. Peach, tar.gelo, and grapefruit suffered 
greatest losses. She West Indian fruit fly (Anastrepha fraterculus Tied, ) ' was re- 
sponsible for heavy losses in peach, tangelo, grapefruit, arasa, and guava. Amo.m 
the other host fruits attacked by both species of flies were the Surinam cherry, 
apple, pear, orange, and coffee. According to C. Moreira, the above fruit flics, 
with the addition of Lonchaea pendula Bezzi, were nore abundant this " r ear at the 
Estacao de Ponicultura. in Deodora, State of Rio de Janeiro, where they caused 
greater losses to grapefruit. 
Gynnandrosona aurantlanun Costa Lima appeared. during April and May for the 
first tine in the College orchards. A considerable number of Satsuna and orange 
fruits ripened prematurely and dropped. 
Several species of Papilionidae common throughout Brazil oftentimes complete- 
ly defoliate grown citrus trees. Papilio anchisiades capys Hbn. was nore abundant 
this season, although highly parasitized. 
Melipona rn.fi crus Latr. attacks the buds, flowers, and young foliage of 
citrus, in spite of the fact that many nests of these bees were destroyed, con- 
siderable damage was noted on younger trees. 
Aulacaspis pentagona Targ. severely attacks peach and mulberry in many 
regions of the State (Minas Geraes). It is by far the nost important scale insect 
attacking peach in 'Brazil. 
