The European corn borer caused measurable losses to corn in 1923 over a 
much wider area than in the previous season, in the heavily infested sections of 
southern Ontario. In the control area the infestation increased by 10 per cent 
over 1922, although with this increase it is still 22 per cent lower than in 1921; 
the actual field losses in this area in 1923 were negligible. The very late 
spring which retarded the development of the borers by at least two weeks largely 
neutralized the good effects of late planting, as the effect upon the development 
of the crop was not nearly so marked, The mortality of corn borer larvae passing 
through the winter of 1322-23 was very light, the average oeing only 6.4 per cent 
Doth above and below ground. Eight new townships were found infested during the 
season, bringing the total up to 170, covering an area of 13,266 square miles. 
An extensive control campaign is under way, the farmers being circularized and 
visited to encourage thee in cleaning up corn refuse in every farm before June 1. 
Grasshopper prevalence during the coring year '•.'ill chiefly center in south- 
ern sect-ions of Alberta and Saskatchewan, the species of most importance being 
I.elanopl us atiar.is Riley. The severe outbreak of C annula pe lluc id a Scudd., which 
has been present in the i.iccla Valley, British Columbia, for the past two years, is 
new on the decline; while in the Okanagan Valley, B. C, 1924 will constitute the 
peak year of infestation, with V. at i an is . h. pa ckardii Scudd., and V. bivittatus 
Say as the most prevalent species. 
The Deet-root aphid, Pem phigus o etae Doa.-.e, was found during 19 23 to be 
generally distributed throughout the entire Lower Eraser Valley of British Columbia. 
An evaluation of the economic status cf this insect is under consideration for the 
coring season. 
The wheat-stem sawfiy, Cephus cinctu s i v crt., remains the major wheat pest 
in Manitoba, and is new present throughout the entire wheat-growing area of the 
Province over one-third of which it has caused considerable damage. The parasite 
Micr o br ae on cephi Gahan is steadily on the increase. 
Continued outoreaks cf the rose chafer are expected to occur in many cf 
the light sandy sections of southwestern Ontario during the coring season. 
Owing to the favoraole overwintering conditions many vineyards in the 
Niagara District of Ontario will probably oe oadly infested by grape leafhoppers, 
E rythro n eura comes Say. and E. tr icincta Fit en, iuring 19 24. 
The cutworm Eux o a ex eel lens Grt. was very, numerous in southern sections of 
Vancouver Island, B. C, during 19 23, damage being done to a variety of field and 
garden crops. Large numbers of the larvae were destroyed by a wilt disease, and 
by parasites last autumn. 
Outoreaks of the cankerworms are expected to occur in severa.l of the coun- 
ties around the western shores of Lake Ontario during the coming season. 
Many trees in the orchards of southwestern Ontario are heavily infested 
with the San Jose scale, a general increase being ooserved. 
Several districts in Nova Scotia which in the past were important breeding 
centers of the brown-tail moth nave oeen found to be clear of infestation. Up to 
February 2, the number of nests collected was the smallest since the insect was 
first discovered in 1907, 75 per cent being taken in the locality of Bridgetown 
where great efforts are oeing made to eradicate the pest. 
