58- 
Valley, but was fairly vrell uaintained elsewhere. July was very hot, 
with temperatures from 2 to 6 degrees above normal over most of the 
country, and rainfall was very scanty except on the southeast coast and 
in the southern Sochi es. August was somewhat warmer than normal over 
most of the country, with variable and deficient rainfall. Sone areas, 
especially in the Great Plains region, received good rains; but the 
drought continued to be severe in the Ohio River and lower Mississippi 
River Valleys, and in parts of the Middle Atlantic section. 
During the fall months there has been partial relief from the 
drought in fcoat places west of the Appalachians, but it continued se- 
vere in Maryland and Virginia. A cold wave late in November carri 
temperatures down to levels typical of mid-winter over most of the coun- 
try east of the Rockies, but apparently caused no unusual damage. 
GRASSHOPFSRS 
In srjite of indications during the late fall of 1929, grasshopper 
damage in the Northwest did not prove to be at all serious. The only 
outbreaks of importance occurred in northern Michigan and northeastern 
Colorado during -the early summer. As the summer advanced more serious 
outbreaks were reported from northeastern Colorado, northeastern Wyoming,, 
southwestern Montana and parts of Nebraska, South Dakota, Oklahoma, and 
Arizona, with localized outbreaks in Utah and southern California. In 
the fail a serious outbreak developed in Idaho, and reports of minor 
damage were received from ora.cticn.lly the entire- northern half of the 
United States. During October very severe defoliation of young citrus 
occurred in many parts of Florida. 
"The survey made in North Dakota indicates that although grasshoppers 
were only locally troublesome during 1930, their numbers are generally 
increasing over the western part of the State to such an extent as to 
make possible serious damage in 1931 if favorable spring weather conditions 
prevail." 1 
"In western Montana more grasshoppers were present during the latter 
part of the summer than at sny time since the series of bad outbreaks 
that began in 1917 and ended in 1925, recording to a report of a survey # 
In north-central Montana there is also a 
great increa.se in grasshopper populations. In the irrigated sections the 
red-legged grasshopper, ( Melanoplus fe mur -ru b rum DeG. ) and two-striped 
grasshopper, ( Meiano-rlus bivittatus Say) were dominating the situation. 
In the dry land sections the lesser migratory grasshopper^ ( Meianoclus 
mexicanus a.tla.nis Riley) is decidedly on the increase and is approaching 
numbers similar to those which preceded the outbreak of 1922 to 1925, 
when this species devastated practically the entire area. In the eastern 
part of Montana grasshoppers were increasing but not to the point that 
a general outbreak was indicated. It is felt that 1931 will be a critical 
1 R. L. Shotvell, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. D. A. 
