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"In general, infestation in the Bast ir Central St- .s too 
light to affect yields, particularly in the northern portion of this 
region. While infestations ran noticeably higher in the southern 
portion, material injury was restricted to occasional fields, except 
in southern Illinois, where it was general in some localities. There 
did not seem to be much danger of serious infestation in the fall in 
southern Michigan and in the northern portions of Ohio, Indiana, and 
Illinois. The somewhat greater abundance of the fly in the southern 
parts of these States and in Kentucky and Tennessee, however, espe- 
cially in some localities, made heavier infestations in the fall more 
likely in that region. However, later observations indicate that 
infestation is very low throughout this territory with the single 
exception of west-central Illinois, where infestations are severe. 
Parasitism is normal, which means that it is an important but not a 
controlling factor. From our general knowledge of conditions it is 
our opinion that the averages shown in Table 1 for southern Illinois, 
southern Kentucky, and southern Tennessee are much too high to repre- 
sent the true situation." 1 
"There was not as much gain in infestation in Missouri as was to 
be expected from the conditions of last fall (1929). The cruse for 
this was apparently unfavorable weather conditions during the spring 
and early sumner nonths. Infestations were noticeably higher in east- 
central and southwestern Missouri than elsewhere in that State. In 
general, less than 25 per cent of the wheat signs were infested, al- 
though in occasional fields infestation ranged/high as from 42 per cent 
to 90 per cent. Only in such occasional fields was the "united infes- 
tation by fall and spring broods high enough to affect the yield. The 
infestation in Kansas, in general was low. The yields were not mea- 
surably affected by the fly, exceat in two localities where the maximum 
infestations found in the State occurred. These localities wore Hia- 
watha, in the extreme northeast, .and Colby, in the extreme northwest 
portions, respectively. These high infestations, in both cases, repre- 
sent sudden outbreaks of the fly at localities from which it has been 
almost totally absent for several years. Although the samples repre- 
senting Hiawatha were taken from experimental fields only, these were 
not grown under conditions especially favorable to the fly;, the highest 
infestations found in northwestern Kansas were from field samples. In 
Nebraska the infestation was, in general, exceptionally high for that 
State. The yields will probably be affected in most of the experimental 
plots. It is believed that at the only locality in which the infesta- 
tions did not exceed 27 per cent of the culms, the lower infestation was 
due to systematic rotation of crops ml general excellence of farming, 
together with comparative isolation from other wheat fields. The fly 
is, for all practical purposes, absent from Oklahoma wheat fields, except 
in the extreme northeastern portions. In the experimental plots of this 
section the infestation ranged from 19 to 38 per cent of the stems. 
There is reason to believe, however, that these plots are subject to local 
conditions which tend to keen the infestation abnormally high." 2 
1 C.M.Pac?-; .rd, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. D. A. 
2 J. R. Horton, 3ureau of Entomology, U. 5. D. A, 
