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FALL ABMYY/OSM. 
During May the fall army-orm' ( Laphygma " frugiperda S. & A.) was quite 
generally 1 reported over the Gulf region from Florida and Georgia westward 
to Louisiana. Later in the season it developed that such of the damage 
attributed to this insect was really occasioned by the velvet-bean 
caterpillar. Thousands of acres of- crops, however, eso.cially on over- 
flowed lands, were damaged by the fall army orm. 
VELVET-BEAN CATESPILL. 
Ai'. 
About the middle of August the velvet-bean caterpillar ( Anticarsia 
geramatilis Hbn. ) '-as appearing in destructive numbers in northern 
Florida. 3y the middle of September it had appeared in greater numbers 
than ever before in the southern half of Mississippi.! Louisiana, and 
eastern Texas. Stripping of soy beans vras quito general; co-peas were 
only slightly attacked; but: velvet beans, even ^h-n grown near severe 
infestations, "'ere apparently uninjured. Stands of as much as 103 acres 
of soy beans ":er^ completely defoliated. 
HESSIAN FLY 
During the late fall and winter months of 1928 there were indica- 
tions of moderate damage by the Hessian fly (P hytophn.-a d estructo r Say) 
in Illinois, southern Indiana, middle Kentucky, middle Tennessee, central 
Pennsylvania, and also in northeastern Oklahoma and southwestern and 
east-central Missouri. In the Kansas wheat belt infestations were lower 
than they had been for several years. As the season advanced it became 
evident that this insect was Very abundant in southern Indiana, central 
and southern Illinois, and central, south central, and southeastern 
Kansas. After the crop was harvested, damage was found to be generally 
light throughout the entire wheat belt, with the exception of southern 
Illinois, southern Indiana, and two comparatively small districts in 
central Kansas, There was a distinct hazard to the early-so-n grain in 
these districts, although parasitism of the fly in the stubble "'as heavy 
in the east-central States. Threatening conditions prevailed also in 
northern Kentucky and southern Tennessee. ..hen the stubble surveys -ere 
made after harvest, it was found that in Ohio the infestations had 
dropped from 13.5 per cent in 1928 to 3,4 per cent in 1929. The fly is 
comparatively scarce in the fall-so-n wheat of southern Michigan, northern 
and Central Ohio, and northern, central, and southeastern Indiana, and 
there is little danger of severe infestation of the crop no- on the 
ground. In southwestern Ohio, southwestern Indiana, southern and Central 
Illinois, central Kentucky, and Central Tennessee heavy infestation 
develo-oed in early-sown fields. Considerable infestation in volunteer 
and early— sown wheat is also reported from southeastern Nebraska, central 
and southeastern Kansas, and southwestern and east-central Missouri* 
Throughout the East Central States emergence was iecidedly in advance of 
the recommended safer-sowing dates, and seeding was generally delayed by 
drought. These factors materially relieved the threat of infestation 
