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the first week in May it was being quite -generally reported throughout 
the Gulf section. Damage by the first-broud norms from Kansas to Dela- 
ware was reported by the last week in June, and rather serious damage 
was being reported from the Gulf section to Arizona. 3y the middle of 
July damage was being reported from the New England, Middle Atlantic, and 
East Central States. In the East Central States the damage was about as 
severe as in 1927. In 1928 but little trouble was experienced as compared 
with normal conditions. By the last week in August the fourth generation 
of larvae was appearing in the fields in Texas, and before the end of the 
season damage was quite generally reported in the Mississippi Valley and 
the Great Plains as far north as sweet corn is grown. 
EUROPEAN CORN BORES 
In the region of the Great Lakes, where the infestation is of major 
interest to the corn belt, 255 townships outside of the previously 
quarantined areas have been found this year infested by the European 
corn borer ( Pyrausta nubilali s Hbn.). Of these, three were in Pennsylvania, 
10 in West Virginia, 137 in Ohio, and 105 in Indiana. In Michigan 59 
townships outside of the previously known infested area '^ere found to 
have been invaded. The borer has been found farthest west in Boone 
Township, Porter County, Indiana, and farthest south in Ohio Township, 
on the Ohio River, Gallia County, Ohio. The spread has in general had a 
southward trend for the season and in extant can be considered normal. 
This spread is the result of a natural flight of the moths and, of course, 
can not be prevented. The entire area known to be infested includes the 
southern portion of Quebec and Ontario, as '"ell as certain localities in 
New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, in Canada; the southern two-thirds of New 
England; three localities in northern New Jersey; all of New York; three- 
fourths of Pennsylvania and Ohio; the Panhandle of West Virginia; nearly 
all of the agricultural portion of Michigan; and the northeastern fourth 
of Indiana. For the Great Lakes area, taken as a whole, the past season 
can be considered, in general, unfavorable to the corn borer. As a 
result, there was only a slight increase in average abundance for the 
entire area. In Michigan there was an actual decrease. Somewhat roughly 
speaking, the situation is considered like that of 1926 - the year 
immediately preceding the big clean-up campaign of the spring of 1927. 
Given a favorable season, there are enough corn borers present in the 
worst infested sections to cause possible trouble in 1930, unless 
adequate control measures are practiced. This is particularly true of 
that portion of northwestern Ohio lying in the Maumee Valley; this 
section will be watched with interest during the season of 1950. Damage 
resulting from direct injury by the borer '."as not observed during the past 
season in New York, Pennsylvania, V.est Virginia, or Indiana. 'The infes- 
tations in West Virginia and Indiana are so recent that no damage was to 
be expected. In Ohio and Michigan losses in yield, estimated at from 10 
to 30 per cent, were observed in a few fields, and fields showing traces 
of injury -ere observed in greater numbers than ever before, especially 
in northwestern Ohio. Beets gro-n in eastern Massachusetts arrived on the 
Boston market rather badly infested and borers were also found in cut 
gladiolus flowers. Slight infestation was reported in New England-grown 
