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HSMLOCZ BUDVjORM 
The hemlock budworm ( peron^a variana Fern,) has defoliated western 
hemlock over an area of 150,000 acrvs on the Olympic peninsula of 
Washington. It is not thought that the trees will die unless heavy 
feeding on the needles is continued next year. 
BARK BEFTL2S 
Heavy broods of the southern pine beetle ( Dendroctonus frontalis 
Zimm.) overwintered in the Worth Carolina forest areas, but they 
suddenly disappeared during the early spring after an excessive amount 
of rainfall. During the latter part of June and early July the excess 
precipitation was greatly reduced, and by the end of July the insect 
was noticed again in increasing numbers. In the Pisgah national 
Forest dying pines were reported particularly among the second-growth 
shortleaf pine trees. Similar reports were received from other South 
Atlantic States. Hymenopterous parasites were very abundant. During 
July an undetermined species of Dendroctonus was reported as damaging 
"between 10 and 15 per cent of the longlcaf pine trees on a 1,000 -acre- 
tract in Louisiana. The eastern spruce beetle (D. piceaperda Hopk. ) 
has been reported from many districts in Maine and this may indicate 
an approaching outbreak. The mountain pine beetle (p_. mo nticolae Kopk. ) 
occasioned heavy losses of timber on the eastern fork of the Bitter Root 
drainage area in Montana. This is a continuation of the outbreak which 
has been under way for a number of years. Surveys of the area sho ,_ ^d 
over 1,100,000 lodgepole pine trees infested, an incr>~as_ of about 250 
per cent over the number attacked in 1928. Outbreaks of this insect 
were also recorded in California, Oregon, Idaho, and Wyoming, involving 
the Bitter Root, Nez Perce, Salmon, and Beaverhead National Forests. 
A lessor outbreak in white pine was reported from Pend Oreille County, 
near Sullivan Lake, flash. The Douglas-fir beetle (D. pseudotsugae 
Hopk. ) is doing an increasing amount of damage in Pend Oreille County, 
and causing considerable timber loss. There is a marked d^clin- 
ranging from 40 to 90 per cent, in the infestation of the western pine 
beetle (D. brevicomis Lee.) this year. This almost phenomenal decline 
is largely attributed to increased growth of the trees during the season 
of 1928, which was made possible by the reserve of moisture built up by 
the heavy precipitation during the spring of 1927. Only two outbreaks 
of the Black Hills beetle (D^ gonderosae Hopk.) have been reported, one 
on the Colorado National Forest involving about 500 trees consisting of 
marginal groups around the main infestation which was put under control 
in the last two years. A few yellow pines were reported attacked on the 
Ashley National Forest. For the last two years the Forest Service has 
conducted control work on the Prcscott National Forest against a 
vigorous outbreak of the southwestern pine beetle (D. bar'o^ri Hopk.). 
Preliminary reports indicate that the past season's '-ork has materially 
checked this outbreak. 
