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on the south-central "border of the State northward to Columbia and Union 
Counties. In parts of New England and southern New York there were also 
unusual but light infestations. During September heavy flights to hiber- 
nating quarters were quite generally reported; and severe infestations are 
anticipated from Missouri eastward into Ohio, with a possibility of infes- 
tations over a much wider territory. During the late fall and early winter 
months entomologists of the infested States were organizing for winter 
destruction of hibernating quarters and a summer campaign for control of 
the imminent outbreak. 
HESSIAN ELY 1 
Infestations by the Hessian fly ( Phytopha^a destruct or Say) in young 
wheat in the fall of 1933 were very light throughout most of the winter- 
wheat belt of the Central and Eastern States. The only area containing 
moderate to heavy infestations in many fields is southeastern Missouri, in- 
cluding the southernmost east-central counties, with considerable damage to 
some early-sown fields, especially in counties near the Mississippi River. 
Occasional fields containing light to rather heavy infestations occur in 
the following areas: A few counties of south-central Nebraska; south- 
eastern Kansas, including the southernmost of the northeastern counties and 
the easternmost of the south-central counties; central and southwestern 
Missouri; south-central Tennessee; and south-central Pennsylvania. The 
factors responsible for the generally low infestation this fall are (l) the 
comparatively small number of puparia passing the summer in the stubble and 
(2) shortage of moisture in the greater part of the winter-wheat growing 
area during summer and fall. The latter factor affected Hessian fly abun- 
dance in three ways - inhibition of fall activity, restriction of volunteer 
wheat growth, and delay of wheat -pi an ting operations so that the bulk of the 
crop came up late enough to escape infestation. There may be material 
injury to the 1934 crop in southeastern Missouri, Scattered fields may 
also be considerably affected in south-central Nebraska, southeastern Kansas, 
central and southwestern Missouri, south-certral Tennessee, and south- 
central Pennsylvania. In the remainder and by far the greater part of the 
winter-wheat belt, however, injury of any consequence to the current' crop 
is very unlikely. 
Eor purpose of comparison with the survey made last year we are append- 
ing a table of the State averages obtained by taking an average of the 
regional averages. 
1 Division of Cereal and Forage Insects, Bureau of Entomology, V. 3. D. A. 
