OUTSTANDING ENTOMOLOGICAL FEATURES IN CANADA 
FOR THE PERIOD NOVEMBER 1, 1922, to APRIL 1, 1923 
The winter in Canada has been more severe in the eastern sections than in 
the VJest . The depth of snow in the Maritime Provinces has been exceptional. In 
YJestern Ontario, except for a few mild days in the latter part of February, the 
winter has been cold and steady, with a much greater fall of snow than is usual. 
The same applies, to some extent, to Manitoba; but in Alberta the winter season 
has be'en mild, with a light snowfall. In British Columbia the winter season has 
been open and the spring is earlier than usual. 
The European corn borer has inck&ased its area of infestation in Ontario 
during 1922 by 45 townships, and now involves an area of 12,616 square miles, with 
162 townships under quarantine. There was, however, but slight increase in the 
area of heaviest infestation and a light general decrease in intensity in the area 
where cooperative control measures have been carried on. Overwintering larvae in 
the crop refuse under observation, to date (February 25), have suffered slight 
mortality, protection being afforded by the snow blanket over the whole infested 
area. 
The roadside grasshopper ( Camnula pellucida Scudd.) occurred in extreme out- 
break form on the cattle ranges of thS Nicola Valley in British Columbia during 
1922. The general situation and the winter conditions would indicate a continu- 
ance of the outbreak during 1923. In the Prairie Provinces the situation is much 
relieved, though an ascendency in the numbers of the lesser migratory grasshopper 
has been observed in many sections . 
The pale western cutworm remains the most important grain- insect problem in 
southern Alberta. It would appear that the same acreage is infested year after 
year with the centres of infestation constantly shifting. From the precipitation 
records of 1922, the greatest degree of prevalence will probably occur in south- 
eastern Alberta and western Saskatchewan, with the infestation somewhat diminished 
in western Alberta. 
The grape leafhopper was extremely prevalent in the grape sections of Ontario 
in 1922. Leaves, weeds, grass, and rubbish, in neglected fence rows, are provid- 
ing satisfactory hibernation quarters for the adults which have not been reduced 
apparently to any extent by winter. A noticeable migration is expected to vine- 
yards in the middle of May with favorable spring and early summer weather con- 
ditions. The species concerned in last year's outbreak were Ervthroneura comes 
Say, E. tricincta Fitch, E. vulnerata Fitch, and the varieties of comes , viz: vitis 
Harr. and ziczac Falsh. 
The rose-chafer occurred in severe outbreak form in several sections of 
Ontario during 1922, the greatest numbers being present in the sandy grape-growing 
areas of the Niagara Peninsula. It is not possible to state to what extent this 
insect will be present in 19 23 but winter conditions have not been unfavorable to 
its successful hibernation. 
The forest tent caterpillar will doubtless again occur in outbreak form in 
New Brunswick, particularly over the southeastern portions of the Province, judging 
from the number of egg masses now present. Spring frosts in the past have had a 
i £ :-y marked influence in controlling this insect and it is possible that this same 
influence will reoccur this year. The outbreak of the orchard tent caterpillar 
which assumed important proportions in 1922 in New Brunswick may also continue dui 
ing this coming season, particularly in the St. John River Valley. 
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