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and the eastern half of Colorado. Considerable damage was reported from some 
sections. 
Grain aphids, Hho-oalo soliu m orunifoliae Fitch and Macro siehum granarium 
Kby. ,were very numerous in southwestern Washington and the Willamette Valley 
of Oregon. 
Corn ear worms were appearing in corn during the last week of the month 
in southern Florida and in the southeastern corner of Texas. 
The pea aphid was attacking alfalfa and English peas over a very wide 
territory, extending from Indiana through Missouri and Nebraska to Colorado, 
and southward to the Gulf. In Kansas the outbreak was probably the most wide^ 
spread and injurious of any since the outbreaks of 1921, the damage being 
particularly severe in the northeastern part of the State. In the West this 
insect was doing very considerable damage to alfalfa in northern Utah and in 
the valleys of western Nevada. Austrian winter field peas are seriously 
damaged in the Willamette Valley of Oregon, and heavy infestations of vetch 
were reported from western Washington. 
Pupation of overwintering larvae of the codling moth started during the 
second week of April in southern Delaware. During the third week of the 
month pupation was observed in central Maryland. First adult moths were 
caught in bait traps at Cornelia, Ga. , on April 14. In Ohio practically half 
of the larvae had pupated by April 12. In Illinois pupation started in the 
southern part of the State during the first week in April but no pupation 
had been observed as far north as Urbana up> to April 20. In the Pacific 
Northwest emergence started in Idaho and Washington on April 12, which is ex- 
tremely early. The first adult in Idaho last year was recorded on May 24. 
TThe eastern tent caterpillar was reported as generally .prevalent in the 
New England, Middle Atlantic, and South Atlantic States, extending westward 
into. Tennessee and Mississippi. The infestation in Tennessee is the heaviest 
that has been observed in that State during the past five years. 
The apple aphid and the apple grain aphid began hatching in the New 
England States about the middle of April. They appeared to be generally preva- 
lent throughout the New England, and northern Middle Atlantic States, and com- 
paratively scarce in the South Atlantic and lower Mississippi Valley States. 
The worst infestation of the woolly apple aphid that has occurred for many 
years was reported from the Willamette Valley of Oregon and from Idaho. 
The first emergence of the plum curculio was observed during the third 
week in April in Delaware. It appeared in numbers in Georgia during the first 
few days of April and was generally distributed in the orchards by the 10th, 
eggs were found in the fruit on the 18th, and the first larvae were found in 
peaches on the 24th. In South Carolina the first adults were observed on 
April 2. 
Adults of the striped cucumber beetle were found hibernating in con- 
siderable numbers in a dry, open hillside woodlot in Maryland. 
JL'ieeslorkeqo&ilbreak of buffalo gnats was under way during the latter part 
of the month in Arkansas. Hundreds of heads of livestock were reported 
killed. 
