16 BULLETIN 5 9, HAWAII EXPERIMENT STATION 
in case irrigation is necessary. . The basin will fill with earth as 
the area is cultivated, establishing the tree a little lower in the 
ground, as is desirable in Hawaiian orchards. Each tree should 
be watered liberally immediately after it is planted. 
SUPPORTING THE TREES 
In windy localities the trees should be supported by means of 
firm stakes, one per tree, driven into the ground on the windward 
side of the orchard. Each tree should be securely tied to its stake 
with a strip of cloth. Individual trees often require some support 
additional to that given by windbreaks to protect them from winds 
occurring during the period of rapid growth in the third, fourth, 
and fifth years. A series of No. 12 galvanized guy wires may be used 
to brace the trees. Each wire is attached separately around the 
main branches and above a crotch where the tree top is formed at 
the crown of the trunk. One or two feet of old %-inch rubber hose 
should be placed over the wire to prevent the bark from being in- 
jured at the point of contact. These braces are securely fastened, 
each to a strong stake driven well into the ground, with the point at 
an angle toward the roots and at a distance of 4 or 5 feet from the 
tree. One brace should face the direction of the prevailing wind, 
and the others should be set equal distances apart in the remaining 
portion of a circle about the tree. A little extra work and expense 
of this kind often maintains a tree through several dangerous years 
until the trunk has attained sufficient size and strength to be self- 
resistant to unusually strong winds. 
TILLAGE 
Thorough tillage is essential in any orchard in Hawaii. Cultiva- 
tion opens up the soil, admitting more water and giving better aera- 
tion and underdrainage ; hence, it makes more plant food available 
for the orchard trees. It also suppresses weed growth, which would 
utilize the moisture and plant food needed by the trees. A large 
amount of plant food and moisture is removed from the soil by weeds. 
INTERCROPPING 
Growing other marketable crops between the tree rows during the 
first few years is advisable in most orchards. However, such crops 
must not be planted so close to the trees as to interfere with their 
development. Where the conditions are right, two rows of papayas 
may be planted in the 30-foot space between the Macadamia rows. 
If the papayas are set at the customary distance of 8 feet apart the 
11 feet of space remaining on each side will be sufficient for the 
orchard for several years. Such other crops as tomatoes, ' sweet- 
potatoes, string beans, peppers, squash, peanuts, and alfalfa may also 
be grown between the young tree rows. At elevations of about 500 
feet, the roselle, poha, chayote, and Passiflora sp. may profitably 
be grown. 
COVER CROPS 
Orchard cover crops should be grown during the rainy season. 
They prevent surface washing and retain much of the water of 
