come pale, eyes become dull, there is running at the eyes, and the 
animal gradually becomes emaciated. As the disease advances 
the milk supply is lessened, fever appears, there is generally great 
thirst, but the appetite almost ceases ; oedematous ( dropsical ) 
swellings appear on the belly, breast, etc. ; diarrhoea at first alter- 
nates with constipation, but finally becomes continuous. The dis- 
ease lasts from 2 to 5 months, when the most extreme cases suc- 
cumb."* Animals observed in the last stages of the disease, on 
the windward side of Oahu, could be distinguished from the rest 
of the herd because of their standing alone, with head up and 
apparently without inclination to eat or move. Several post- 
mortems were made and notes taken in regard to the symptoms. 
The blood had become almost free from red corpuscles. Effusion 
of the blood serum had occurred into the abdominal and lung cav- 
ities. In every case enormous numbers of flukes were found in 
the liver, gall-bladder and bile-ducts. In the final stages the res- 
piration becomes rapid and towards the last breathing becomes 
very difficult, due to the extension of the dropsical swellings, 
occurring along the under side of the body to the neck and throat 
so that the animal apparently dies from suffocation and starva- 
tion. 
Determination of the presence of flukes: — The eggs may be 
discovered, if present, by a microscopical examination of the 
faecal matter, or a suspected animal slaughtered and its liver and 
bile-ducts examined for the flukes themselves. If the cattle are 
found to be fluky it would be better to slaughter them for the 
market at once since in the early stages of the disease they have 
a tendency to. fatten, owing to the excessive secretion of the diges- 
tive ferments, and not only would there be a better return for the 
stock but also by destroying the infected organs and contents of 
the intestines, the spread of the disease would be checked. 
Where flukes may be expected to be found: — In general the 
statement is correct that flukes may abound wherever the condi- 
tions are suitable for the life of its intermediate host, the fresh- 
water snail. This would mean any range or pasture containing 
a body of water or marshy place harboring this snail : and, the 
previous introduction of the fluke. Stockmen should be careful 
not to take fluky cattle from place to place and by no means 
* Bulletin 19, Bureau of Animal Industry, U. S. Department of Agri- 
culture. 
