purchase stock from a fluke-infested district. A law forbidding 
the sale of infested stock except for the market and providing 
for the inspection of ranges with the power of enforcing the dis- 
use of areas and localities found to be fluke-infested until proper 
precautions were taken would do much towards lessening the 
spread of the disease and checking its serious inroads into the 
herds of these Islands. 
Remedies: — Slaughtering and marketing fluky cattle before the 
last stages of the disease is undoubtedly the most practical method 
of stamping out infection. The liver is the only part of the car- 
cass rendered unfit for food and great care should be taken to 
destroy this organ, the gall-bladder, bile-ducts and contents of 
the intestines. Xo drugs or mixtures have been found by which 
the disease can be successfully treated. However, in case a val- 
uable animal is seriously affected an improved diet together with 
liberal use of stimulants and tonics will in many cases build up 
the system and general vitality so that the animal may live 
through the fourth stage of the disease, when the flukes will die 
or wander out from the infested organs spontaneously. This 
treatment would include the use of cocoanut meal, bran and mill 
feeds, with daily doses of the various iron salts, walnut leaves, 
calamus and gentian. These remedies would only be applicable 
to the treatment of milch cows and fine breeding stock. 
Precautionary measures: — The following preventive measures 
for controling the liver-fluke disease are taken from Bulletin 
Xo. 19 of the Bureau of Animal Industry, United States Depart- 
ment of Agriculture : 
To prevent the scattering of eggs in the fields: 
In buying cattle or sheep, do not purchase any from a fluky herd, as 
they may introduce the disease to your farm. 
If animals are fluked, send those which are most affected to the 
butcher and place the others on dry ground. 
Destroy the livers of the slaughtered animals, or if used as food for 
animals (dogs, etc..) they should first be cooked in order to kill the 
eggs; if this precaution is not taken, the fresh eggs will pass through 
the intestine of the dog uninjured and be scattered over the fields. 
Manure from fluky animals should never be placed upon wet ground. 
It is. however, not dangerous to use such manure upon dry ground. 
As rabbits and hares may introduce the disease into a district, or 
may keep up an infection if once introduced, these animals should be 
kept down as much as possible. This is not always practicable. (This 
precaution does not apply to Hawaii in so far as rabbits and hares are 
concerned but is most important as regards the wild goats and swine.) 
Where animals very heavily infested with flukes have pastured on a 
given piece of ground, some one should go over the field with a spade 
and spread out the patches of manure, so that it will dry more rapidly, 
and thus the eggs may be more quickly destroyed. A spade full of 
lime or dust will aid in drying up the manure patches. (Applies only to 
dairy herds in Hawaii. It is a good point to mention in this connection 
that this practise will also be fatal to the eggs of the horn-fly. depos- 
ited in the fresh manure by the adult fly.) 
Manure of fluky animals should not be stored where it can drain into 
pastures, 
