Chap. m. (/PERU CEIL I. 155 
Johiznd Gonzalo Pizarro, Brothers to the Marquis, 
oppofec;! this Ufurpation, as they called it ; and their 
DitFerences rofe to' that Height, that they entered into 
War with Almagro at Cuzco, and feveral were killed on 
both Sides, of which the Marquis receiving Intelligence, 
caufed hinafelf to be carried in a Hlanmiiock on the 
Shoulders of Indians, who, relieving one another at 
proper Stages, carried him thither with fuch Expedi- 
tion, that he arrived at Cuzco before he was expebled by 
either Side ; and reprefenting to both Parties, that thefe 
Feuds would probably end in the Deftrudfion of them- 
felves and their Enterprize, if they were not fpeedily ac- 
commodated, he entered into a Treaty with Almagro, 
for adjufting all their Differences ; and firft, he obferved 
that Almagro was miftaken in his Opinion^ that Cuzco 
was without the Limits of his Jurifdidion, for the Em- 
peror had made him a new Grant of the Country, which 
lay South of that conferred on him by the firft Grant. 
The Marquis alfo fuggefted to Almagro, that the 
Country which lay to the Southward of the Diftridt of 
Cuzco, was richer in Gold and Silver than any that had 
been yet difcovered, of which he was contented Don 
Almagro fliould take the Government upon him, and 
that he ftiould march at the Head of the beft Part of their 
united Forces, and poffefs himfelf of it ; and, in the 
mean Time, he would apply to the Emperor to get him 
confirmed in the Government, to which they gave the 
Name of New T oledo, extending it from the Diftridl of 
Cuzco- to the Country of Chili, which lies South of Peru. 
The Marquis alfo ftipulated that if the Emperor did 
not think fit to confer that Government on Almagro, he 
would divide that of Peru with him, with which Over- 
ture Don Almagro and his Party were then well fatisfied, 
and immediately made Preparations for an Expedition to 
the Southward. 
About the fame Time another Detachment of Spa- 
niards and Indians were fent to reinforce Don Belalcazar 
in ^ito, to enable him to finifh the Conqueft of that 
Province ; and a third Body marched to the North Eaft, 
to reduce fome Provinces bordering on the Ridge of 
Mountains called the Andes ; thus the Spaniards fhewed 
very plainly what their Defigns were, and how far it 
was from their Intentions to perform the Agreement they 
had made with the Indians •, yet they endeavoured ftili to 
keep fair with thefe People, and to amufe them with 
Promifes, that they might make ufe of their Affiftance 
in the Performance of fuch Enterprizes, as very far fur- 
pafied the Strength which they had in this Country. 
19. It was in the Year 1535, that Almagro refolved 
to* carry into Execution the Projeft formed in Concert 
with Francis Pizarro for penetrating into Chili ; and for 
the facilitating fo arduous an Enterprize, he demanded 
the Aftiftance of Inca Manco, who ftill confiding in the 
Spaniards, notwithftanding the Manner in which he had 
been treated, offered to do for him all that was in his 
Power : As a Proof of this, he appointed his Brother 
Paullu, with whofe Charabler we have before acquainted 
the Reader, to accompany him in this Expedition, and 
joined with him the High Prieft of the Indians, called in 
their Language Villachumu, from whence the Spaniards 
found the Word Villahoma, which is the Name we find 
him mentioned by in their Hiftories. He added, under 
the Command of thefe Chiefs 15,000 Men, in hopes, 
that by rendering them fo notable a Service, he fhould 
prevail upon the Spaniards from Principles of Honour 
and Gratitude to fulfil their Treaty towards him. Al- 
magro, with this Body of Men, began his March South- 
wards, and marched as far as the Province called Charcas, 
which he found a very barren and inhofpitable Country, 
and therefore flighted it, as not worth keeping •, but it 
has fince proved the moft valuable of the Spanijh Acqui- 
fitions, fince therein lies the famous Mountain of Potoji, 
from whence more Silver has been brought into Europe 
than from all the other Places in which Mines of that 
rich Metal had been before difcovered. 
In this Province the Adelantado Almagro was informed 
that there were two Paftages into Chili, both of them at- 
tended with Difficulties, though direiftiy oppofite in their 
Nature the one long and tedious, through a fandy 
Pefert, whete his People would be fure to feel great In- 
conveniencies from Heat and Thirft *, the other much 
fhorter, but expofed to ftill greater Inconveniencies in 
the Judgments of his Guides, fince it lay through the 
Mountains, which were not only exceffively fteep and 
rugged, but covered likewife with Snow, which rendered 
them exceffively cold and impaffable, except at one Sea- 
fon of the Year. Almagro, confidering that this was the 
ftiorter way, and the Cold however fharp, mbre fupport-^ 
able to European Conftitutions than exceffive Heat, re- 
folved to take this Rout, notwithftanding all that the 
Indians could fay to diffuade him from it. In their Paf- 
fage they found the Cold fo exceffive j that it coft the 
Lives of ten thoufand Indians and one hundred and fifty 
Spaniards, exclufive of fuch as efcaped with the Lofs of 
their Fingers and Toes. 
They likewife loft all or the greateft Part of their Bag- 
gage, but at length they came down into the Plains, 
where fuch of the Inhabitants as had formerly obeyed 
the Incas fubmitted to the Spaniards out of Refped to 
Paullu and the High Prieft, but thofe who had hitherto 
remained free determined to- continue fo ; and it was not 
till long after, and in Confequence of many bloody 
Wars, that they were reduced under the Spanijh Yoke. 
But while Almagro was thus employed, all things fell 
again into Confufion in Peru. 
Francis Pizarro finding the Inca Manco a little im.pa- 
tient under the bad Ufage he had received, thought pro- 
per to deliver himfelf from his Remonftrances by ftiut- 
ting him up in Prifon, which was fo far from frighting 
him into a tame Submiffion, that it induced him to un- 
dertake what he was fufpedted of before he was impri- 
foned. But as it was impoffible for him to execute his 
Defign of raifing the whole Indian Nation, unlefs he was 
at Liberty, he contrived a Method to get out of Prifon, 
which was fingular enough. He applied himfelf to Fer- 
dinand Pizarro, now returned from Spain, a Perfon of 
great Generofity, and who bore much Affedlion to the 
Indians, defiring his Leave to go to a folemn Feaft, and 
promifing to bring him, at his Return, his Father’s 
Statue, which was all of lolid Gold. 
In the mean time, the Indians that were with Almagro 
grew difcontented at the ill Ufage they fuffered, and 
complained to one another of the Barbarity of the Spa- 
niards j and in thefe Conferences, none had a greater 
Share than the Interpreter Philippillo, who at laft en- 
gaged in a Plot againft Almagro’^ Life but, being no 
lefs a Coward than a Villain, when he refledted on the 
Danger to which he was expofed, he endeavoured to fe- 
cure himfelf by flight. He was foon retaken, and then 
he attempted to inform againft the Inca Paullu ; but, be- 
ing put to the Torture, he confelfed that to be a Lie, 
and owned likewife, that by falfe Suggeftions he had 
procured the Death of Atahuallpa, for all which he fuf- 
fered a moft cruel Death, as he well deferved. In order, 
however, to underftand this Matter clearly, it is very 
requifite the Reader fhould know the Nature of this 
Plot or Confpiracy againft the Spaniards, which in Fadt 
was this : The Inca Manco had now not only loft all 
Confidence in the Spaniards, but was likewife fo fenfible 
of the Inj Liries he received, and of the little Hopes there 
were of ever being better treated by thefe haughty Peo- 
ple, that he determined to try what could be done by 
Force j and as he was fatisfied that his Subjedts were as 
brave and as faithful as the Spaniards, he judged it bet- 
ter to rely upon the Juftice of his Caufe and the Alfift- 
ance of his People, than upon the Promifes of thofe 
who had fo bafely broke their Words to his Brother, 
and had never kept the Conditions they made with him. 
His Feaft, to which he went with the Leave of Ferdi- 
nand Pizarro, was in reality a kind of Affembly of the 
States of Peru, in which it was debated how the Strength 
of the whole Empire might be the fooneft raifed, and 
the moft effedtually employed ; this Queftion was foon 
refolved, for every one of the Indian Chiefs undertook 
to raife their Troops in an Inftant, and indeed they were 
very foon as good as their Words, fo that the, Inca was 
able to take the Field at once, with three confiderable 
Armies. , He took the Caftle of Cuzco, and clofely 
blocked up the City with the firft j the fecond marched 
againft the General Francis Pizarro, who lay in t;he 
City 
