N 
156 The DISCOFERY and CONGEST Book I. 
City of Lima with a good Body of Troops j and the 
third was intended to a6t againft Almagro^ of which 
Notice was fent to the High Frieft, who took Meafures 
for making his Efcape, in which he was fo lucky as to 
fucceed ; and for his Concern in thefe the Sfanijh Inter- 
preter was put to Death. 
The Inca Paullu had alfo Notice given him of the 
Situation his Brother’s Affairs were in, and what was ex- 
pedted from him towards putting them in a better Con- 
dition ; but he rejedled thefe Propofitions totally, and 
declared, that he would never break his Faith to the 
Spaniards ; which Secret the Interpreter having dif- 
clofed with his laft Breath, Almagro declared Paullu 
Emperor *, and though he refufed that Title before, yet 
for the Sake of Safety, and that his Nation might not 
want a Protedtor, he now fuffered it to be given him. 
Thefe Misfortunes engaged Almagro to haften out of 
Chili with the Spaniards under his Command, riotwith- 
Banding that he had received fome Reinforcements ; and 
this March was not performed without confiderable Lofs, 
notwithftanding he took the other Road, to avoid the 
Inconveniencies he had met with in entering this Coun- 
try : - But, as in his firft March he fuffered by Cold, 
fb in the feconcl his Army endured all the Miferies of 
exceffive Heat and Thirft, notwithftanding all the Pains 
and Precautions that could be taken to avoid them ; but, 
however, their Lofs was not fo great as before, and he 
returned into Peru with a better Army than was left 
in it. 
20. The Affairs of that Country were now in a dread- 
ful Situation, and grew daily worfe and worfe, a double 
Civil War breaking out in its Bowels. The Inca Manco 
{till continued to beliege Cuzco with an Army of two 
hundred thoufand Men ; the Spaniards in the Place were 
but feventy, yet having fome Horfe and a good Train 
cf Artillery, they vigoroufly defended the Place, and, 
which is ftill more wonderful, they made feveral Sallies, 
with great Succefs, in one of which John Pizarro loft 
his Life ; as for the General he lent from Lima four fe- 
veral Detachments, amounting in the whole to near three 
hundred Horfe, under the Command of four experi- 
enced Generals, who were notwithftanding fo unlucky 
as to lofe themfelves, and their refpedtive Parties, under 
their Orders. This not only troubled but weakened the 
Governor at Lima, to fuch a Degree, that he was ob- 
liged to call in all his Garrifons, and even then had been 
too weak to have done any thing confiderable, if he had 
not declared all the Indian Vaffals and Slaves free, who 
would ferve the Spaniards againft their Mafters and 
Countrymen, which had a very good Effedt, and put 
him very foon in a Condition to raife both the Sieges of 
Cuzco and Lima, and this was the firft Civil War wherein 
the Natives of Peru ferved againft each other. 
It was followed by another between the Spaniards, 
who one would have thought fhould have chofe any other 
Time rather than this to have quarrelled amongft them- 
ftlves. But Almagro finding himfelf at the Head of fo 
powerful a Body of Troops, refolved to renew his old 
Claim to Cuzco, and in Cafe he could make himfelf 
Mafter of that City, determined to make it the Seat of 
his Government, and in this Difpofition marched diredfly 
towards it. The Inca Manco, about this Time, took a 
very furprizing Step, for he refolved to difband his 
Army and return to the Mountains. All his chief Offi- 
cers endeavoured to dilTuade him, by reprefenting that as 
the Spaniards were quarrelling amongft themfelves, he 
had now the faireft Opportunity of recovering his Do- 
minions ; to which he anfwered, that while he kept the 
Field, the Spaniards would undoubtedly endeavour to 
compromife their Differences ; but if he withdrew, as 
he defigned and intended, what they fuggefted might very 
well come to pafs, and that then it would be time enough 
to think of proper Meafures for renewing the War, to 
which they affented,, and the Indian Armies accordingly 
difperfed. 
Almagro being arrived before the Walls of Cuzco, and 
finding the Indians drawn off, fent a Summons to Don 
Ferdinand Pizarro, the Spanijh Governor, to deliver up 
that Capital to hint ; but he anfwered, he held that City 
by a Commiffion from the Marquis, and fhould npt 
deliver it up without his Orders, efpecially as he kneW 
it to be within the Limits of his Brother’s Government, 
and immediately proceeded to put the Place in a Pofture 
of Defence ; but part of the Garrifon being Friends to 
Almagro, and holding a Correfpondence with him, in- 
troduced his Forces into the Town, at Midnight j and 
Ferdinand and Gonzalo Pizarro were furprized in their 
Beds and made Prifoners, by which Almagro became 
poffeffed of Cuzco, with little or no Bloodffied, and moft 
of the Troops which had ferved the Pizarro* s entered in- 
to his Pay. In the mean Time, the Marquis Pizarro 
hearing no News from his Brothers at Cuzco, and con- 
cluding ail the Parties he had fent thither to reinforce 
them had been cut off by the Indians, determined to fend 
fuch a Body of Troops thither as fhould be able to force 
their way againft all the Oppofition the Indians could 
make ; and having affembled five hundred Spanijlo Horfe 
and Foot, gave the Command of them to Don Alo?ifo de 
Alverado, with Orders to march with all Expedition. 
Peier de Lerma was alfo ordered to march with his De- 
tachment, as Captain of a Troop of Horfe, though he 
was an older Officer than Alverado, and had done great 
Service in thofe Wars, which fo difgufted de Lerma, 
that from this Time he meditated the Ruin of the 
Enterprize. 
Alverado continuing his March with the utmoft Di- 
ligence, moft ot the Indians that were preffed to carry 
his Baggage, amounting to upwards of five thoufand, 
perilhed in the firft Part of the Journey by the intolera- 
ble Fatigue, being loaden and driven beyond their 
Strength, infomuch that he was forced to halt till he 
could prefs fome thoufands more of the Indians, to fup- 
ply the Places of thofe he had loft. Almagro receiving 
Intelligence at Ct'zco that Don Alonfo Alverado was ad- 
vancing, fent fome Spaniards of Quality to him, to re- 
prefent that Cuzco belonged to his Government, accord- 
ing to the Divifion the Emperor had made of Peru be- 
tween him and the Marquis Pizarro and therefore ad- 
vifed him to retire to Lima again, till he and the Mar- 
quis fhould adjuft the Limits of their Governments ; 
but Alverado, not entertaining any fuch Thoughts, 
made all the Gentlemen Prifoners who were fent to treat 
with him ; whereupon Almagro took the Field, con- 
ftituting Orgonez his Lieutenant-General, and having 
made a Party of Alverado's Horfe Prifoners, underftood 
by them, that great Part of his Troops were better af- 
fedled to him than they were to the Pizarro* s, particu- 
larly Peter de Lerma, who, with a great many of his 
Friends, would defert Alverado the firft Opportunity. 
He advanced therefore as far as the Bridge of Ahancay 
on the other Side, whereof Alverado lay encamped ; fo 
that there was nothing but a fmall River that parted 
their Forces : They remained quiet, however, without 
endeavouring to attack each other ail Day ; but in the 
Night Orgonez, fording the River at the Head of Alma- 
gro* s Horfe, put Alverado* sForcts into great Confufion, 
and giving Peter Ler 7 na and the reft of their Friends, 
by this Means, an Opportunity to join them, Almagro 
gained an eafy Vidtory, with very little Bloodffied, 
making Don Alonfo his Prifoner, with whom he return- 
ed in Triumph to Cuzco, on the 20th of July 1537. 
Some of the principal Commanders advifed the Con- 
queror to fecure his Peace for the future, by putting th^ '^ 
Pizarro* s to Death, and then march with his vidtoriQus 
Army againft Lima, which, however, he refufed to do ; 
alledging, that it was a Shame for a Gentleman and a 
Soldier to put People to Death in cold Blood, and 
that by attacking Francis Pizarro in the City of Lima, 
he ffiould plainly become a Rebel to the Emperor ; 
firice he neither had, nor pretended to have, any Claim 
upon that Part of the Country : He held, how- 
ever, that nothing could be m.ore juft or reafonable, 
than that he ffiould march towards the Sea-fide, to 
eftabliffi there a Colony that might maintain his Cor- 
refpondence with the other Spanifi) Settlements, that from 
them he might from Time to Time draw Recruits. 
He began to move very foon from Cuzco towards the 
Coaft, that he might execute his Defign of fecuring a 
Port before the Marquis could have any Intelligence, or 
at leaft be able to colled a Force fufficient to withftand- 
I him. 
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