Chap. ill. d/ P E R U cm LI. 1 6t. 
Hiould perform, was, that, having fettled the Province 
in Peace, he might be at Liberty to depart into Sfain. 
Gafca arrived at Nomhre de Dios, and carried himfelf 
mildly, faying, he came not to make War ; but, ac- 
cording to his Profeffionj to make Peace, and rebate 
the Rigour of the Laws that caufed the War. From 
Panama he fent the Emperor’s Letters, and wrote 
himfelf to Pizarro^ telling him, he was come to pardon 
all Offences, to draw him to Obedience, to give Satif- 
fadlion to his People, and if he refufed this Grace, but 
not till then, to make War. 
Pizarro was enraged at the Receipt of thefeliCtters, 
and would not fuffer the Perfon who brought them to 
fit down, which the Gentleman took for a great Af- 
front. Pizarro called for his Friends, to know what 
Anfwer to give to the Prefident’s Letter. Carvajal, the 
chief Incendiary, was abfent, and therefore it was hoped 
he would accept of Grace ; yet every Man delivering his 
Opinion, fome advifed to take and raze Panama and 
Nomhre de Dios, that the Prefident might have no Places 
to receive his Men and Shipping ; and they having all the 
Ships in the South-Sea, might keep Peru to them- 
felves, and then they doubted not but to make New 
Spain revolt too, or at leaft they would rob all the Towns 
on the Sea Coaft, and live by Spoil and Rapine j which 
indeed they might have done, having the General of the Sea 
true to them. At laft cunningly anfwered Gafca'' s 
Letter, by confent of thirty of his Men, under their 
Hands, That they underftood of his coming by Hinojofa, 
General of the Sea, and the fair Shew of Good he pre* 
tended ; but it was too late, after fo many Murders, 
occafioned by the Viceroy’s Cruelty j perfuading him 
to return, to inform the Emperor that they would receive 
no Governor but Pizarro, and offering to fend fome 
Men of Quality into Spain to make their Cafe known 
to the Emperor. 
Carvajal returning, ^wtrttdPizarro from all good Inten- 
tions, and would not fuffer him to make any Acknowledg- 
ments to Spain ; they fent thefe Letters to Gafca, and offered 
to give him a great Quantity of Money to return Home, 
and if he refufed it, they wrote to the Admiral Hinojofa, 
to apprehend him. Thefe Letters being brought to Pa~ 
nama, put Gafca in Fear that he Ihould be killed, for 
they abfolutely refufed to receive him in Peru. But Gafca 
dealt fo cunningly with Hinojofa, that he brought him 
to fubmit himfelf and Fleet, and become a true Servant 
to the Emperor. This was the Overthrow of Pizarro, 
and Hinojofa was continued General, and none of his 
Captains difplaced. Gafca now prepared again for War, 
and furniihed himfelf for his Journey to Peru ; and be- 
fore his Arrival fent a Pardon to all the common Sort. 
In his Expedition he carried himfelf courteoufly and 
friendly. Gafcah Carriage, and the Submiffion of the 
Ships, made a great Change among the Rebels, for 
happy was he that could appear for the Emperor. 
Pizarro was much grieved to hear of thefe Alterations j 
but like a courageous Captain fent to all his Friends to 
come to him with their Forces, but moft Part of them 
forfook him ; and the Towns of Luna, Cuzco, and the 
reft, took Part with the Emperor. 
When John de Cafta came to Pizarro to Arequipa, they 
confulted what to do, having four hundred and fifty Men 
and the whole Country againft them ; He refolved to go to 
Chili, where never Spaniard had been ; but he Was fol- 
lowed by one Centeno, with a loyal Party for the Empe- 
ror, between whom was fought a cruel Battle. Pizarro, 
gaining the Viftory, loft two hundred and twenty 
Men, and Centeno rnany more. Centeno fled, but the 
others, having fo great a Lofs, did not follow him. Pi- 
zarro, upon the Viftory, divided his Forces into feveral 
Parts. Cepeda, a principal Man on his Side, perfuaded 
him to make Conditions with Gafca, which he would 
not do, but was angry at the Motion, and grew fufpi- 
cious of him ; v^ho out of pure Kindnefs had propofed 
it. Gafca came into Peru with two thoufand Men, 
where he heard of the Overthrow Pizarro had given 
Centeno ; and his Men being fickly, and finding the 
Corn green, and not to be eaten, they were much dif- 
couraged ; but Centeno coming with the Remainder of 
his Forces put them in Heart, whereupon he went in 
VoL. II. Numb. 8o. 
Purfuit of Pizarro ; but had great Trouble iii palTing 
the River Apurrima ; but Pizarro being apprized of it,t 
departed from Cuzco with one thoufand Soldiers. A little 
before this Donna Maria Calderon fpeaking againft theTy 
ranny of Pizarro, Francis Calderon entered her Chamber 
one Morning, and ftrangled her in her Bed. 
Now came their Armies in View of ohe another, 
every one taking Advantage of the Place. Gafca de-* 
layed giving Battle, in hopes that moft of Pizarro' s, 
Men would leave him, but they did not ; and he being 
forced by Snow, Cold, and Hunger, engaged in a ge- 
neral and bloody Ablion. Cepeda, who, as I faid, before 
advifed to accept of Conditions, fled to Gafca which, 
much difheartened Pizarro's Side j this Example, and 
others, that did the like, made moft of them yields 
Pizarro feeing it, chofe rather to fubmit than fly, and 
yielded himfelf to Villa Vicentia, Serjeant-Major, who 
carried him to Gafca. Never was fuch a Battle fought, 
in which the Pleads and chief Commanders were Doc-* 
tors and Scholars. Gafca fent Forces to cut off thofe 
that efcaped in their way to Cuzco, and to fecure the 
Town. The Day following, being the ^th of April 1548, 
Gafca committed the Caufe of and other Offend-* 
ers to Judges, who condemned him and thirteen more 
to Death ; whereof Francis Carvajal was one, and in- 
deed the chief Promoter of all the Mifchief in thefe 
Parts j he was 84 Years of Age, and had been an Enfign 
in the Battle of RavonHa, had ferved under the great 
Captain Gonzalo Fernandez, and was the moft noted Sol- 
dier in the Indies, yet never efteemed valiant or fkilful 1 
it was a Bye- word, as cruel as Carvajal, becaufe he had 
been the Executioner of four hundred Spaniards^ Pizarro 
caufed to be put to Death after Blafco Nunez came into 
Peru, carrying Blacks with him continually for that Pur-* 
pofe. Pizarro was never overthrown but in this Battle, 
though he had fought many. Gafca'^ Soldiers looked 
for a better Reward than was given them, though in- 
deed they were well dealt with ; yet they mutinied upon 
it, but were foon quieted again. Gafca took a Courfe 
for the pacifying of the Indians, and reducing them to 
the Chriftian Religion, as alfo for the peaceable Govern- 
ment of the Kingdom. 
When Gafca arrived at Nomhre de Dios out of Spain^ 
he brought not an hundred Men with him, nor had he 
any Money, but procured Credit; and at his going 
away paid all Debts, and carried with him to the Em- 
peror almoft two Millions, but for himfelf not a 
Penny ; being the firft Man, in Authority, that ever did 
the like •, for Covetoufnefs was the Bane of all the Spanijh 
Affairs ’till his Time. Indeed any Nation muft be 
quickly ruined where the Men great afpire to Authority, 
with no other View than to make themfelves rich. As 
for this celebrated Governor, when he had thoroughly 
fettled Things in Peru, he prepared for his return into 
Spain, and came to Panama, having much Wealth 
there, which he could not carry ; but it happened that 
two Sons of Rodrigo Conheras, Governor of Nicaragua., 
with two hundred Soldiers, entered the Town and took 
that Treafure, and as much more as they Could geL 
One of the two Brothers put himfelf with his Wealth 
00 board two or three Ships, the other followed Gafca., 
thinking to rob and kill him , murdered many, 
and flew a Bifhop ; becaufe he fent to their Father in 
Spain an Account of their Villanies. They drew to them 
all fadtious and difcontented People, that favoured the 
Party of Pizarro. Gafca hearing of thofe Diforders re- 
turned with Speed, fought with and overcame them % 
one of the Brothers was drowned in -paffing a River 5 
and he difpatched Ships after the other, and took him 
and all his W^ealth. 
This proved a fortunate Affair to Gafca, arid got him 
great Honour ; He embarked at Nomhre de Dios for 
Spain m 1550, with much AYealth for others and Repu- 
tation to himfelf. His going, coming, and flaying, 
was little more than four Years. This Man compleated 
what V aca de Caflro had only begun, and left every 
thing in tolerable good Order ; for which, upon his 
Return _ the Emperor gave him the rich Bifhopric of 
Placentia, and fent for him into Germany, that he might: 
receive a clear and diftindl Account of the State of his 
■ T t Affairs 
