The D ISCOFE R T and CO N^UE ST Book I. 
niards were not quite fo hafty in their Preparations but, 
however, in 1626, fo early as the Month of February^ 
their Fleet joined that of Portugal, The whole was com- 
manded by Don Frederic de Toledo Oforio, Marquis of 
Valduefa,, and there were on board it fifteen thoufand 
Men. 
But it is now Time for us to look over to 5 ri 32 ;z 7 , where 
Dutch being inPofiefiion of St. Salvador, 2.nd.thtQom\- 
try about it, began to extend themfelves very rafhly on 
every Side, either from Contempt of the Portugueze, 
who had behaved fo ill, or from an extravagant 'rhirft 
of Plunder. The brave ArchbiQiop foon convinced 
them of their Mifrake ; he had now got together fifteen 
hundred Men, and with thefe he not only cut oft' moft of 
their Parties, but atlafl fairly drove them into the Town, 
cut off their Provifions, blocked them up, and reduced 
them to great Diftrefs. As foon as he had done this, 
however, he put the Army under the Command firft of 
Nunez Marino, and then of Don Francis de Mauro *, for 
he declared, that his own Commiffion expired with the 
Neceffity that befl'owed it. 
In thefe Circumftances were Things in this Country, 
when the Spanijh and Portugueze Fleet arrived in the Bay 
of All-Saints. Don Emanuel de Menejfez landed imme- 
diately four thoufand Men, and with thefe joined the 
Army before the Place, which, as we may eafily appre- 
hend, did not hold out long ; though, to do the Dutch 
Governor Juflice, he was inclined to defend it to the laft 
Extremity •, but the Garrifon, differing from him in 
Opinion, mutinied, and forced him to furrender on the 
20th of April, upon which the Spanijh and Portugueze 
Fleet returned triumphant, fuppofing the War to be at 
an End ; and that the Dutch like the French would have 
a care how they made Attempts again upon Brazil. 
10. In this, however, they were greatly miftaken, for 
the rich Plunder of St. Salvador being brought by Admiral 
Willikens into Holland, the People v>rere continually en- 
quiring whether there were not other great Cities in 
Brazil, and when they fliould go and take them. This 
Spirit, which at that Time of Day did not at all difpleafe 
the Government, encouraged the JVeJl India Company 
to think of making another Expedition. Accordingly 
in 1629 they began to equip a very flrong Squadron for 
this Purpofe, which was to be commanded by Admiral 
Lonk, and was to take a confiderable Body of L.and 
Troops on board under General Wardenhourg. This 
Fleet, which confifted of no Jefs than forty-fix Sail of 
Men of War, arrived in Sight of Fernamhuca on the 3d 
of February 1630 j and on the 15th of the fame Month 
General JVardenbourg landed with near three thoufand 
Men, and marched diredly towards the City of Olinda. 
He found it covered by three good Forts, in each of 
which there was a numerous Garrifon. He attacked, 
however, and carried them all, but not without a vigo- 
rous Refiftance *, but this Succefs in taking thefe Forts, 
fo effedtually frighted the Inhabitants of the City, that 
they immediately fubmitted, though the Natives ihewed 
a great deal of Spirit, and behaved on this and every 
other Occafion with great Courage and Fidelity. 
I cannot lofe this Opportunity of making one Remark, 
which, however, has been made before by the ingenious 
Mr. Salmon \ which is, that the Portugueze have loft no- 
thing by the great Pains they have taken in converting 
the Brazilians, fince by making them Chriftians of their 
own Communion, they have made them good Subjects ; 
and thereby added great Strength to their Colony, which 
has proved a Means of fecuring it againft all Enemies ^ 
and one would think much might be done by fome other 
Nations, if they would follow the fameMe.thod, inftead of 
extirpating the Indians in the Countries where they are 
fettled, or, v/hich is much the fame 1 king, leaving them 
in a State of Infidelity, and allowing them to extirpate 
each other, which if they v/ere Chriftians they -would not 
do, but join the Europeans as theyAid here. 
While the Dze/A General was thus employed on Shore, 
the Dutch Admiral was no lefs active by Sea •, and as the 
Portugueze had no naval Force to refift him, or at leaft 
none in Comparifon of that employed againft them •, it 
is no great Wonder, that they reduced ail the Sea-Coaft 
to the South of Olinda, which they did in a very .fhort 
Space of Time, and likewife took care to feenre and 
fortify every Place that fell into their Hands, being re- 
folved not to fall into the fame Error which had been 
fatal to them before ; but to obtain fuch a Footing in 
the Country, as might enable them to keep their Ground 
againft the whole Force of the Portugueze, and lay a 
folid Foundation for the Execution of the great Defign 
they had formed, of making themfelves Mafters of the 
beft Part of Brazil which, it mu ft be confeifed, was a 
very bold Undertaking, confidering the Portugueze had 
been fo long in PoflelTion of this Colony, and were be- 
come fo numerous. It was with this View that Admiral 
Lonk refolved to make himfelf Mafter, at all Events, 
of a very ftrong Poft, which feemed the fitteft for his 
Purpofe ; and of which, therefore, it is neceffary, that 
we fliould give the Reader fome Account. The whole 
Coaft of Brazil is as it were guarded, or defended, by 
a long thick flat Ridge of Rocks, in fome Places twen- 
ty, in others thirty. Yards broad : If it were not for 
Breaks and Paflfages here and there in this rocky In- 
trenchment, it would be impoflible to approach the 
Shore. There is a very large Palfage two Leagues to the 
North of Olinda % but almoft before this City this Ridge 
of Rocks appears again, and the Inhabitants pafs to it 
in Boats at Fiigh-Water, for at low the Rocks even in 
the Palfage are vifible enough. 
This Part of the Padge the Portugueze call Reciffo^ 
and the Dutch Receif. On the North Point was an open 
Palfage for the Ships to approach the Shore, very nar- 
row, and at Spring-Tide not above twenty-two Foot 
deep. Between this Ridge of Rocks and the Conti- 
nent lay a fandy Ifiand, about a League in length, which 
was called the Sandy Receif, to diltinguilh it from the 
ftony. It lay in the Latitude of 8°. 20'. South, and had 
a good Caftle, called Fort St, George, well furnifiied 
with Artillery, and efteemed impregnable ; this was the 
Place the Diitch Admiral fought to make himfelf Maf- 
ter of, which he did ; and it was in a great Meafure the 
Caufe of the City being taken. After Dutch were pof- 
felfed of it they made the Receif very ftrong, and the 
chief Seat of their Commerce j fo that it became one of 
the moft confiderable Places in Brazil, efpecially after 
they had demolifhed the City of Olinda, that they might 
not divide their Forces too much, as they mull have 
done, if they had long endeavoured to keep it. 
II. The News of this fecond Attempt upon Brazil by 
the Dutch, and their having aftually conquered the 
Captainfhip of Fernamhuca, alarmed th e Portugueze and 
Spaniards excelfively, and obliged them to think of fend- 
ing thither immediately, fuch a Force as might be able 
to drive out the Enemy, and fecure the Country effec- 
tually for the future. It happened at a very bad Time 
for them, as the Dlfaffedlion of the Portugueze to the 
Spanijh Government was, at this Jundlure, greater than 
ever ; but the NecelTity was fo ftrong, and lb apparent, 
that, notwithftanding the many Difficulties they had to 
ftruggle with, and the Weaknefs of their Government, 
a Fleet and Army was ordered for this Service. But the 
equipping of the one, and the raifing the other, took up 
a great deal of Time, which the Dutch employed in for- 
tifying themfelves in extending their Conquefts, and 
taking all the neceffary Precautions for the Defence of 
them, in which they proceeded with all that Induftry 
and Vigilance, for which, in thofe Days, their Nation 
was famous. 
Before we proceed farther, it will be proper to take no- 
tice of thofe Caufes, which induced xFt Dutch IVeJl- India 
Company to become fo extremely fanguine in their Endea- 
vours to make themfelves Mafters of this Country which 
I am the better able to affign, having feen a Copy of^a 
Memorial, jitefented by that Company to the States In 
the Year 1643, containing the very Reafons in fupport 
of their Condudl; in this Particular. In the beginning of 
this Memorial it is faid, that the Caufes which can beft 
juftify launching into an extraordinary Expence, for ac- 
quiring any Place whatever, are reafonable Views of im- 
mediate Profit, which ought to be very confiderable, or 
future Profpefts of Gain, that ought to be ftill more fo ; 
and both thefe, they affirm, induced them to profecute 
with fo great Zeal the Conqueft of Brazdl. As to the 
1 former. 
