a6o l^he Discoveries Settlements Book i. 
gefted to tlie Indians, that thefe Strangers were not really 
Englip as they pretended, but Spaniards, and would en- 
flave them as they had done many of their Countrymen : 
And the Indians were fo credulous as to believe it, and 
appeared jealous of Mr. Calvert, making Preparations 
as if they intended to fall upon the Strangers, which the 
Englp perceiving, (food upon their Guard, and erefted 
a Fort for their Security, on which they planted feveral 
Pieces of Ordnance ; at the firing whereof the Toamacos 
Were fo terrified, that they abandoned their Country with- 
out any other Compulfion, and left the Englip in full Pof- 
feffion of it ; who receiving Supplies and Reinforcements 
continually from England, and having no other Enemy to 
contend with than Agues and Fevers (which fweptoff fome 
of them before they found out a proper Regimen for the 
Climate) they foon became a flourifhing People, many 
Roman Catholic Families of Quality and Fortune tranf- 
porting themfelves thither to avoid the Penal Laws made 
againft them in England ; and Maryland has been a Place 
of Refuge for thofe of that Perfuafion from that Day to 
this. 
While the civil War lafled in England, the Lord Bal- 
tmore'^s Family were deprived of the Government of 
this Province, but were reflored to tlteir Right by King 
Charles II. foon after his own Reftoration. Whereupon 
the Lord Baltimore fent over his Son, Charles Calvert, 
afterwards Lord Baltimore, to be Governor of Maryland, 
who continued in that Pofl: upwards of twenty Years, 
and long after his Father’s Death. By whofe Prudence the 
Colony became almofl: as confiderable as Virginia, for its 
Tobacco and other Products of the Soil ; and all the In- 
dian Nations on that Side put themfelves under their Pro- 
te6lion. The Indian Chiefs were appointed, or at leaft 
approved and confirmed in their Commands, by the 
Lord Baltimore the Proprietor, whofe Succefs is to be af- 
cribed, in a great Meafure, to the Endeavours he ufed to 
cultivate a good Correfpondence with the Indian Nations, 
and to give them as little Offence as polfible. 
In the reign of James II. we are told that Father 
Peters, a Jefuit, whom that Prince admitted into his 
Councils, which contributed not a little to his lofing 
firft the Hearts of his Subjedls, and after that his Domi- 
nions, took fuch a Prejudice to the then Lord Baltimore, 
though of his own Religion, but a Nobleman of great 
Wifdom, Juflice, and Moderation, that he refolved to 
deprive him of the Power of nominating a Governor, 
by extending the royal Prerogative at the Expence of the 
Grant made bv the Crown, to the Anceftors of his Lord- 
fliip. But before this could be effedled, the Revolution 
intervened, but the Change of Government did not prove 
ierviceable to his Lordfhip ; for the Crown profecuting 
the former Projedl, deprived him of his Power of No- 
mination, which was fo much the harder, becaufe it is 
univerfally allowed that no People were ever better govern- 
ed than the Inhabitants of this Colony, while they de- 
pended folely upon this noble Family. 
The prefent Lord Baltimore is a Proteftant, and in- 
herits the Virtues, as well as the Title, of his Anceftors ; 
being in all refpedts a Bleffing to that Country, as he is 
the Proprietor of it. His Lordfhip once took the Pains 
to vifit his Colony, was received with all due Marks of 
Refpedt on account of his Quality and Intereft in that 
Country *, but when he left it, the People gave him much 
ftronger Teftimonies of their Affedlion, and their Re- 
gret at parting with him, on account of his Mildnefs, 
public Spirit, and fincere good Will towards them, of 
which he gave them fo many Inftances, and teftified 
upon all Occafions, fuch a Readinefs not only to comply 
with, but to go beyond, their Requefts ; that there was 
.not a Planter in Maryland, who did not confider him ra- 
ther as a Father and a Friend, than as their Lord Pro- 
prietor 5 and to fay the Truth, they hadfo much Expe- 
rience of him in the former Characters, and felt fo little 
of him in the latter, that it was extremely natural for 
them to behave as they did. , 
. . Whatever the great Defign might be when this Settle- 
ment was firft made, moft certain it is that no Country 
in America can boaft of having had fewer Difturbances 
OQ the Score of Religion. There are, indeed, of all Per- 
fuafions in the Colony ; but notwithftanding this, they liv@ 
together in the greateft Tranquility, as if they made it 
their Bufmefs to forget the Points about which they differ, 
and to remember that they agree in thofe of being En- 
glipmen and Chrijlians, as fufficiently appears by their 
kind Behaviour towards the Indians, who have fcarce ever 
had any Difference with them, and of whom the Colony 
have no fort of Apprehenfions, though they are much 
more numerous in that Country than in Virginia. But 
after fhewing how this Country was firft planted, what 
remarkable Accidents have fince happened therein, and in 
what State the Colony now is with refpeCl to the Govern- 
ment ; the next thing is to give a fuccinCt View of the 
Place itfelf, in order to bring it die better to the Ac- 
quaintance of every Englip Reader, who is curious on 
this Subject. 
This Province is fituated between 38 and 40 Degrees 
of Northern Latitude, and between 44 and 48 Degrees 
of Weftern L.ongitude, as is generally computed j but 
it muft be confeffed the Weftern Boundaries are very un- 
certain, fome extending them beyond the Apalachean 
Mountains. The North End of the Bay of Chefepeak 
divides Maryland into two Parts, called the Eajiern and 
JVeJlern Shores. It is bounded, at prefent^ by Part of 
Penfylvania and the Atlantic Ocean on the Eaft, by Vir- 
ginia Proper on the South, and by the Apalachean Moun- 
tains on the Weft. It is feparated from Virginia on the 
South, by the River Potowmack on the W eftern Shore, 
and the River Pocemoas on the Eaftern Shore, the Length, 
from North to South being about an hundred and forty 
Miles, and the Breadth from Eaft to Weft, if we extend 
it no farther than the Country already planted, will not 
be fo much, though its future Limits poffibly may ex- 
tend much fiirther. As to the Face of the Country, this, 
as well as Virginia, may be divided into, ift. the Row- 
lands next the Sea ; 2dly, the hilly Country towards the 
Heads of the Rivers ; and 3dly, the Apalachean Moun- 
tains, whicE are exceeding high, and run parallel to 
the Atlantic Ocean, viz. from the North-eaft to the South- 
weft. The Lowlands heretofore confifted of Swamps or 
Woods, being one continued Foreft almoft, till the En- 
glip cleared Part of it, either to make room for their 
Plantations, or for building of Ships and Houfes, and 
the making Tobacco Calks and Pipe-ftaves for Exporta- 
tion, which has made fuch Havock among their W oods, 
that fome of them begin to apprehend the Want of Tim- 
ber, efpecially near their Forts and Rivers ; for as to 
that which lies remote from the Water it is ot little ufe to 
them, the Price of the Carriage exceeding the Value of 
the Wood. Towards the Heads of the Rivers there is 
a Mixture of Hills and Valleys, as in Virginia, well plant- 
ed, with Variety of Timber and Fruit Trees •, and where 
thefe are wanting there are large Meadows or Savanahs, 
where the Grafs grows to a moft furprizing Height. 
This Country, like Virginia, is watered by innume- 
rable Springs and a great many fine Rivers, ol which the 
chief are, ift, Potowmack, which, rifing in the Mountains 
North-weft, runs to the South-eaft, and feparates Mary- 
land from Virginia on the South-weft, falling into the 
Middle of the Bay of Chefepeak. zdly. The River Po- 
comoac, which rifing near the Ocean, runs alfo diredt- 
ly South, and then turning to the Weft, falls alfo into 
the Bay of Chefepeak, near Watkins's Point. A Line drawn 
from the Mouth of the River diredtly Eaft, to the Atlan- 
tic Ocean, is the true Boundary between Maryland and 
Virginia on the Eaftern Shore. 3dly, The River Patux- 
ent, which rifing in Anne Arundel County, runs to the 
South-eaft, and fails into the Bay of Chefepeak, about 
twenty Miles to the Northward of the Mouth of Potow- 
mack River. 4thly, Severn River, which rifes on the 
North-weft Part of Maryland, running South-eaft, falls 
into the upper Part of the faid Bay. 5thly, Cheptonk, 
which rifes on the Eaftern Shore, runs to the South-weft, 
and falls into the fame Bay. 6thly, Sajfafras River, which 
rifes in the North-eaft of Maryland, and running almoft 
due Weft, falls into the North End of the faid Bay. 
ythly, Wicomo River, which rifes on the Eaftern Shore, 
runs to the South- weft, and falls into the Bay almoft 
againft the Mouth of Potowmack River e The 8 th and 
^ I laft 
