2,8o l^he Discoveries 
c&vado Sugars fetched eighteen or nineteen Shillings a 
hundred. The Planters of Antego have fince improved 
tneir Art, and as good Mufcovado Sugar is now made 
there, as in any of our Sugar Wands. They have aifo 
clayed fome Sugar which was not known to have been 
done in Antego forty Years ago. 
Though there is not much Tobacco planted in this 
Wand, what there is now is not fo bad as was formerly, 
when it was fold for no other Ufe but to make Snuff. The 
wild Cinnamon Tree is faid to grow in the Lowlands^ or 
Savanah Woods in Antego. After yamaica and Barbadoes, 
this has been confidered by fome as the moft confiderable 
of our Wands in America •, and as there is ftiil a great 
Quantity of Land capable of Improvement, and it is al- 
lowed the People there might make a third more Sugar 
than they do, we may venture to allow, that it either is, 
or ^ may be fo ; and if we confider what muff have been 
gained by our Commerce with this Wand for upwards of 
fourfcore Years, we cannot but judge that it has been 
highly advantageous to this Nation, and very well deferves 
all the Care and Concern that can poffibly be expreffed 
for its Prote6lion and Prefervation. 
6. The next Colony in America., which our Method 
leads us to confider, is that of New York, which is ours 
by a double Right, vi^. of Difcovery and Conqueft. It 
was undoubtedly Part of the Country, the Coafts of 
which were firft viewed by Sebajiian Cabot, and as fuch 
made a Part of the original Province of Virginia, I mean 
the Country known under that Name in the Reign of 
Queen Elizabeth, and was afterwards within the Limits 
of the Country, granted by King yames to the Weflern 
Company. But before it could be fettled, that is about 
the Year 1608, the famous Navigator Hudfon difcovered 
that River, which has fince borne his Name, and the 
Country adjacent, which he afterwards fold to the Dutch 
who planted there ; but this was looked upon as illegal, 
becaufe they had not King yames‘% Licence, which it 
feems they afterwards obtained. There are fome Englijh 
Writers fo very partial in favour of this Republic, as to 
be angry that this Settlement fhould be looked upon by 
us as a kind of Invafion, but furely this is without Rea- 
fon ; for if the Subjects of any Country were at Liberty 
to fell and difpofe of Places they had but juft feen, which 
was the Cafe of Captain Hudfon, the Inconveniencies 
would be fo great as to produce endlefs Wars, and there- 
fore this Pradice muft be underftood to be contrary to 
the Law of Nations. 
But however that Matter might be. King yames was 
fo great a Lover of Peace, that very probably he was glad 
to rid himfelf of the prefent Difficulty, by granting them 
a Licence ; Yet if we duly conftder this, the granting 
fuch a Licence was a thing very deftrudive to the Inte- 
reft of Great Britain, and might have proved extreamly 
prejudicial to our Northern Colonies, and have been fuch 
a Bone of Contention, as muft have for ever prevented 
any Harmony between the maritime Powers. Thefe 
Refledions which rofe naturally out of the Subjed, have 
led me a little from my Purpofe, which was to explain 
the firft fettling here, which the Dutch made a little be- 
fore we planted England-, and from their firft com- 
ing, being feated in Hands and at the Mouth of a good 
River, their Plantations were in a thriving Condition, 
and they begun, in Holland, to promife themfelves 
vaft things from their new Colony. The Englijh Puritans 
in Holland, who firft removed to America, intended to 
fettle here, having had an inviting Defcription of the 
River, Climate, and Soil, from the Hollanders, who did 
not care, however, that the Englijh ffiould be fo near 
their Plantations, as to be tempted to encroach on them, 
confidering the Flaw that was in their Title. The Englijh 
that went from Holland, intended to fettle on the Coaft, 
near Fadr Field County in New England, lying between 
Connecticut and HudfoA s River, but the Dutch apprehend- 
ed they would there be too near Neighbours. Thefe En- 
glijh, as has been already related, falling in with Cape Cod, 
after having refreffied a little, tacked about to the South- 
ward for HudJoAs River : But yones,sN\\o v/as the Mafter 
of the Ship they came in, having been bribed by the 
Hollanders to carry them and land farther to the North- 
and Settle m e r; t s Book L 
ward, inft'cad of putting to Sea entangled them among 
dangerous Sholes, which made them v/illing to get affiore 
where they were, and give over the Defign upon HudJoAs 
Rdver. The Dutch had, two or three Years before, been 
infulted here by Sir Samuel Argali, in his W ay from Vir- 
ginia to New Scotland. 
He deftroyed their Plantations, and it was to prevent the 
like for the future, they applied to King James for his Li- 
cence to ftay there, to build Cottages, and to plant for 
1 raffic as wtU as Subfiftance, pretending it was only for 
the Conveniency of their Ships touching there for frefii 
Water and frefli Provifions, in their Voyage to Brazil-,, 
but they, by little and little, extended their Limits every 
Way, built Towns, fortifyed them, and became a fiou- 
rifhing Colony. In an Hand, called Manahattan, at 
the Mouth ot HudJoA s River,.- they built a City which 
they named New Amjterdam, and the River was called 
by them the Great River. The Bay to the Eaft of it had 
the Name of NaJJau given it ; about one hundred and 
fifty Miles up the River they built a Fort, which they 
called Orange Fort, and from thence drove a profitable 
Trade with the Indians, who came over . land, as far as 
from ^ebec, to deal with them. Henry Chrijtian, the 
Mafter of a Ship, the fame who gave the Name to Mar- 
tha^ s Vineyard, which he difcovered, as the Dutch fay, 
was the firft Governor there, and his Succeflbr was Jacob 
Elkin, put in by the Weft India Company in Holland, to 
whom the States General granted this Country. The firft 
Bounds of Nova Belgia were Maryland on the South, the 
main Land, as far as could be difcovered Weftward, 
which would ftretch to the Nations bordering on the 
the great River of Canada Northward, and 
New England Eaft ward ; but, as will appear hereafter, 
the Limits of New Fork are not fo large at prefent. 
The Dutch Colonies were in a very thriving Condition 
when they were attacked by the Englijh, which was at the 
Opening the firft Dutch War in King Charleses Reign. 
We find fome Writers very willing to reprefent this as a 
very iinjuft War, becaufe Sir Robert Carr was fent to at- 
tack this Plantation before they, in that Part of the 
World, could have any Notice of the War ; but then it 
ought to be remembered that it was after the Dutch Ad- 
miral, de Ruyter, attacked our Settlements in Africa, and 
therefore I cannot think that this is fo very bad as it 
has been reprefented, or that it can at all prejudice our 
Title to this Country. The Commiffion of Sir Robert 
Carr, impowering him to a6l againft the Dutch, was 
dated on St. George^s Day 1664, but he did notar- 
rive till the latter End of the Year. He brought with 
him between two and three thoufand Men, and offering 
Proteftion to fuch of the Inhabitants as fubmitted, 
he became Mafter of the whole Country without a Blow ; 
and it does net appear that the People were at all dif- 
pleafed at changing their Mailers. His Majefty, after it 
was reduced, gave leave to fuch of the Inhabitants to 
ftay as were inclined thereto, and fuffered the reft to de- 
part freely with their Effefls. The Number of the latter 
was but very inconfiderable in Comparifon of the former ; 
and Colonel Richard Nichols, who was left Governor 
of the Province, and continued fo twenty Years, brought 
the People, not only to relifh, but to be in love with, the 
Englijh Government ; fo that there never was the leaft 
Difturbance among the Inhabitants on the fcore of their 
being Subj'edls to England. 
The Duke of Fork granted away a Part of this Pro-, 
vince, as will be ffiewn hereafter; but the Remainder, 
which is what we now ftile New Fork, contirnied a Roy- 
al Government, as it ftill is, but very much changed for 
the better ; fince from being one of the pooreft, it is be- 
come one of the moft confiderable that we have in Ame- 
rica, in Confequence of the Colony’s becoming one of 
the moft fiouriffiing, and this, though it has had the 
Misfortune of being fometimes governed by Men of moft 
arbitrary Principles, and capable of doing fuch violent 
things, as nothing but their Diftance from Great Britain 
could, I think, induce them to venture upon. The laft Go- 
vernor of the JerJeys, who is lately dead, felt the Effefls 
of fuch a Spirit, when in another Station, and rofe to that 
Government by fuffering with Decency and Dignity the 
a - , Outrages 
