ip *5 ^he Discoveries 
Friends being killed by fome of your People, which 
‘‘ has happened by Misfortune, and againft our Vfillj 
we fay, that as we are all in Peace^ we think it 
hard that the Perfons who killed our Friend and Bro- 
“ ther fhould fuffer ; and we do in the Name of all the 
‘‘ five Nations forgive the Offence, and defire you will 
likewife forgive it *, and that the Men who did it may 
“ be releafed from Prifon, and fet at Liberty to go whi- 
ther they pleafe ; and we fhall efleem that as a Mark 
of Regard and Friendfhip for the five Nations, and as 
a farther Confirmation of this Treaty.’’ Upon thefe 
Principles, which are more likely to be obferved in this 
than in mofl of our Colonies, the Friendfhip of the In- 
dians may be preferved as long as they remain a People •, 
which fhews how poflible it might have been to have 
maintained a like Correfpondence with them in other 
Places, which would not only have faved a great deal of 
Blood-flied, and have contributed to the quick Growth 
of the Colonies fettled in the Countries, inhabited by fuch 
Indians^ but would have been very ufeful in many other 
Refpedls ; Since it is allowed where the Indians are treated 
as in Penfyhania^ with flridt Juftice and Humanity, they 
are as firm Allies as any in the World ; and in that Qua- 
lity more capable of doing Service, than if reduced to be 
either Slaves or Subjedls ; becaufe living as they do, they 
preferve their Strength and Adtivity, and enjoy all the 
Liberty they can defire, and are very willing to fight for 
thofe under whofe Protedlion they enjoy it. 
13. We will now proceed to a more particular Deferip- 
tion of this famous Settlement, having before given an Ac- 
count of the Situation of the Country in general, and 
of its Divifion into Counties. The chief Rivers in Penfyl- 
vania are, the River de la War, which rifing far North 
in the Country of the Iroquois, takes its Courfe to the 
Southward, and dividing this Province from that of New 
JerJeys, falls into the Atlantic Ocean, between the Promon- 
tories of Cape May, and Cape Hanlope, being navigable 
for two hundred Miles and upwards with large Veflels ; 
but has a Cataradt or fteep Fall in it above Br^ol, which 
renders the Navigation impradlicable to the Northward 
of the County of Bucks. The fecond River in this Pro- 
vince, is that of Sufquahanaugh, which, rifing likewife in 
the Country of the Iroquois, runs South through the Middle 
of Penfylvania, and falls into the Bay of Chefepeak, being 
navigable for large Ships. The third River is Schoolkill, 
which having its Source in the Country of the Iroquois, 
runs South almoft parallel to the Rivers de la War and 
Sufquahanaugh, and at Length turning to the Eaftward, 
falls into de la War, at the City of Philadelphia. This 
River is alfo navigable for large Ships as far as the City 
of Philadelphia, and for Boats above an hundred Miles 
higher. Thefe Rivers, and the numerous Bays and 
Creeks in the Bay de la War, capable of containing the 
largeft Fleets, render this Country admirably fituated to 
carry on a foreign Trade. 
In the County of Buckingham, the moft northerly of 
any in this Province, the chief Town is Briftol, fituated 
on the River de la War, oppofite to Burlington in New 
Jerfey, and twenty Miles North of the City of Philadel- 
phia. In this Country alfo lies the Mannor Houfe of 
Penjbury, elegantly built by Mr. Penn, the firfl; Propri- 
etor, and fituate on an Eminence which commands the 
Country, being almoft furrounded by the River de la 
War. The Country of Philadelphia lies South of that of 
Bucks, and in it is the celebrated City of Philadephia, the 
Capital of the Province, fituated in 40 Degrees 30 Mi- 
nutes North Latitude, being one of the fineft Plans of a 
Town that was ever formed. It is an Oblong of two 
Miles, extending from the River de la War to the River 
Schoolkill, the Eaft end fronting the River de la War, and 
the Weft the River Schoolkill, each Front being a Mile in 
Length. Every Owner of one thoufand Acres has his 
Houfe in one of the two Eronts, facing the Rivers, or 
in the high Street, running from the Middle of one 
Front to the Middle of the other ; and every Owner of 
five thoufand Acres, has an Acre of Ground in the Front 
of his Houfe, and the reft half ' an Acre for Gardens 
and Court Yards. In the Centre of the Town is a Square 
©f ten Acres? furrounded by the Town Houfe, and 
2 
and Settlements Book I. . 
Other public Buildings, and each Quarter of the City is 
a Square of eight Acres. The high Street, which runs 
the whole Length of the Town, is an hundred Feet wide, 
parallel to wFich run eight Streets, which are crolTed bv* 
twenty more at right Angles, all of them thirty FeeV 
wide, and feveral Canals are let into the Town from each 
River, which add to the Beauty and Conveniency of the 
Place. There is alfo a fine Qiiay two hundred Feet Square, 
to which Ships of four or five hundred Ton may come 
up, with wet and dry Docks for building and repairing 
of Ships; Magazines, Warehoufes, and all manner of 
Conveniences for importing and exporting of Merchan- 
dize ; there are already fourteen or fifteen hundred Houfes 
in the City, moft of them well built with Brick, but are 
ftill a great many more wanting to compleat the Plan : 
However, more could not have been expefted than has 
been done in fo fhort a Time, the Ground not having 
been laid out much above fifty Years. 
The Town of Oxford is fituated likewife in the County 
of Philadelphia, where a Miflionary is maintained by the 
Society, for propagation of the Gofpel. Germain Hown, 
fituated to the Northward of the City of Philadelphia, 
alfo is faid to be a thriving populous Place, inhabited 
chiefly by the Hutch, or thofe of Butch Extradlion. In 
this County is the City of Radnor, fituated on the South- 
weft-fide of Schoolkill River, being the Capital of a large 
Country, planted by the Welch, and extreamly well im- 
proved by them. To the South of the County of Phi- 
ladelphia lies that of Chejier, the Capital whereof is the 
Town of Chefier, fituate on the River dela War, which 
is about three hundred Miles broad at this Place ; and to 
the Southward of CheJler lies the Town of Chichefter-, ei- 
ther of thofe Ports are capable of receiving and harbour- 
ing the largeft Fleets, fecure from Storms ; the County 
of Newcaftle lies South to that of Chefier, the capital 
Town being of the fame Name. This is faid to be a 
Town of the brilkeft Trade in the Province, next to that 
of Philadelphia, and has an Iron Mine in the Neigh- 
bourhood of it. The Town of Apoquinemink lies upon 
the River de la War, South of Newcajlle, and is a Place 
of good Trade. The County of Kent lies South of that 
of Newcaftle, the chief Town whereof is Dover, being a 
commodious Port. The moft Southern County is that of 
Suft'ex, the capital Town whereof is Lewes, being a fe- 
cure Harbour and a Town of Trade. 
The Air here is fweet and clear ; the Fall begins about 
the 20th of OAoher, and lafts to the Beginning of Decem- 
ber ; frofty Weather, and cold Seafons are frequent ; but 
as in moft Countries where are fuch Seafons the Air is 
dry and hungry ; the River de la War is fometimes frozen 
over, notwithftanding its Breadth. The Spring lafts from 
March to June, but the Weather then is more inconftant 
than in the other Seafons, which it generally is in other 
Countries. The Heats are extraordinary in the Summer 
Months,* July, Auguft, and September, but alleviated by 
cold Breezes, which make them very tolerable. The Wind 
is South- weft during the Summer, but generally North- 
wefterly. Spring, Fall, and Winter; which blowing from 
the frofty and fnowy Mountains, and Lakes of the T erra 
Canadenjis, is, doubtlefs, a main Reafon of the excefllve 
Cold here in Winter. The Soil in this Tracft of Land is 
in fome Places a yellow and black Sand, and in others 
a loomy Gravel, in others a fat Eartn, like the Vales 
in England-, efpecially by inland Brooks and Rivers, where 
the Lands in this Country are moftly three to one richer 
than thofe that lie by navigable Rivers. There is alfo 
found a black hazle Mould, on a ftony Bottom. The 
Earth is fruitful, fat, and eafy to be cleared, becaufe the 
Roots of the Trees lie almoft on the Surface of the 
Ground. Some Allowance muft be made for Mr. Penny’s, 
Property in the tempting Defeription he gives us of the 
Country. We have faid enough of the Rivers and Creeks, 
in it, and fhewn how commodious they are for Naviga- 
tion and Communication ; but among other Waters, Mr. 
Penn mentions mineral Waters : Thefe Springs are about 
tv/o Miles from Philadelphia, at a happy Diftance from 
Water-drinkers, but the Number of them is, fmce .that, 
lelTened extreamly, and we need not infift on their Virtue, 
Here are Trees of almoft all Sorts, Oak, red, white, 
and 
