478 ' J YOYA 
and keeps it, he pays a great deal more for it than it is 
worth. 
184 As the Czar’s Dominions are very large, fo like- 
■Wife are his Revenues. In the lirft Place, he is Mailer of 
the Dilates and Goods of all his Subjects. No Heir can 
enter upon his Father’s Lands, on his Death, without 
the Emperor’s Confent ; to obtain which, he muft pre- 
fent a Petition to a Court erefted for that Purpofe, to 
give PoffeiTion to the Children of fuch as die, and have 
made their Wills ; and to feize the Eftates of fuch as die 
inteftate, or without Eleirs, or are convibled of any 
Crime, by which their Eftates become forfeited to the 
Czar. Secondly, His Cuftoms on all Goods exported, , 
or imported, are very confiderable. Thirdly, The Ca- 
bucks, or Shops where Brandy is fold, as alfo thofe 
of Strong-beer, belong to him, and he lets them at what 
Rent he pleafes. Some pay one thoufand Piftoles, and 
others two thoufand, a Year, according to their Abi- 
lities and Trade. Fourthly, His Baths and Stoves bring 
him in a good deal ; becaufe the Mufcovites^ both Men, 
Women, and Children, are obliged to bathe often, out 
of a Principle of Religion. When the VS'^ater of the 
Bath is too hot, they throw cold Water upon thofe that 
are in it. And fome of them, before they enter the 
Stove-Chamber, rowl themfelves in Snow. Fifthly, The 
Emperor is the chief Merchant in his Territories. Sixth- 
ly, The Trade of Stberia^ in Marten and Sable- 
Skins raifes prodigious Sums ; thofe that are fent to get 
them, are either Slaves or Criminals. In fliort, there is 
a Tax almoft upon everything in Ritffia-, that on the 
Caviare of Ajlracan only, of which I ftrall fay more 
hereafter, is enough to maintain the Expence of his 
Houle. All that hold Lands immediately of the Em- 
peror, are obliged to furnifli him with Provifions. He 
ingroffes all the Merchandize that is brought to Mofcow^ 
by the Greeks and Perjians. He fends vaft Quantities 
of Furs to Archangel-, as alfo Pot-allies, Hemp, and 
Plax, which he barters for Silk, Sables, Velvets, and 
Cloths of Gold, Satin, broad Cloth and Damafk *, which 
Commodities he wants moft, becaufe he makes all his 
Prefents of thofe things. All the Servants of his Houf- 
hold, have each a Portion of Meal, Oats, Honey, Fifh, 
Nut-Oil, Beer, and Metheglin, delivered out to them. 
The Strelficks and Lanlarics, who are regular Troops, 
have nothing but Corn and dryed Fifh, of which the 
Czar has very large Stores ; they have very little Money 
given them, becaufe they trade and have great Privi- 
leges allowed them. The imperial Palace is very large, 
and all built of Stone and Brick, except the Czar’s 
Winter-Lodgings, which are three Stories high ; thefe 
are built with Timber, becaufe boarded Floors are rec- 
koned, with them, miore wholefome in coldWeather, than 
others filthy Damps being apt to afcend from the 
Vaults of thofe Stoves, where the Walls are Stone. The 
.whole Palace is incompaffed with a Brick- Wall, in the 
Circuit of which there are fourfcore Churches and Cha- 
pels, the greateft Part of which have Cupolas and gilt 
Crofles upon them. The Princes and prime Miniftdrs 
have alfo their Palaces within this Wall ; as, Jacob, a 
Circajfian Prince ; Boaris Jiianovoitz Morolos, who was 
the Emperor’s Governor, during his Minority ; Knez 
Alexis, Mafter of the Fur-Office ; Prehotjky, General of 
the Czar’s Army; Eliab Danelowitz, the Emprefs’s Fa- 
ther ; Knez Juan Vajfilowitz, a Prince of the Blood, and 
others of the firft Rank. There, are five Monafteries, two 
or three Nunneries, the greateft Part of the Precauces or 
Courts of Juftice, and the Magazine of ' Arms and Am- 
munition for War. The Tower called Velichy, Hands 
by itfelf ; it is built of Brick and Free-ftone ; John Bafi- 
lowitz began it, and his Succeftbr finifhed it, as it is at 
this Day •, there is a very fine gilt Cupola upon it, and 
a Ring of Bells in it; it is as high as St. MarCs Tower 
at Venice. 
The Czar, as well as other Princes, has his Minifters 
of State, but they are not fo much refpedled as in other 
Places. The Gentlemen of his Bedchamber never enter 
it , they wait two or three Rooms off, and further when 
lie is at Dinner. The City of Mofcow takes up a great 
G E the Book IL 
deal of Ground; it is incompaffed with three Walls, be- 
Tides that about the imperial Palace. The firft, and that 
which is neareft the Heart of the Town, is of red Brick •, the 
next to it is of white, and the third of Earth, fupported 
by Planks and Boards of Fir ; it is fifteen or fixteen Miles 
about, and was built in four Days, on Report of the Ap- 
proach of the Cham of Crim Partary. Since the Czar’s 
Journies that he has lately made to Poland, where he faw 
the Manners and Floufes of the Polijh Princes and great 
Lords, his Court is grown a little more magnificent ; his 
Apartments are hung withTapeftries, very rich and beau- 
tiful ; and he has feveral Country Floufes and Palaces. 
There is no Prince in the World has more Jewels than 
he ; it is truq, moft of them have Flaws in them, but the 
Rujfians don’t mind that, provided they are large. 
All the Difference between the Czar’s Cloaths, and thofe 
of his Nobles, is, that the Emperor’s is a little richer ; it 
is the fame with the Emprefs, and other Women of 
Quality ; her Head-drefs is only a little higher than that 
of other Ladies, and her Shift-Sleeves a little longer. 
They are about fix or feven- Ells in Length ; and her 
Gown, and the Gowns of her Ladies of ITonour, are 
made like our Judges. The Emprefs generally travels 
in a Chariot, afid by Night, attended by moft of her 
Ladies of Flonour, her Women of the Bedchamber, her 
Embroiderers, and all her Women Attendants, that are 
neceffary to her Perfon. Lately they rid on Horfe-back, 
very much a Cuftom, mightily ufed formerly amongft 
them, but was a long Time diftifed upon the bringing in 
of Chariots into Rujfia. The prefent Emprefs has revived 
it : She and her Train ride as Men do, aftride, when 
they hunt; which is very rarely: They then wear a white 
Flat on their Head, and a Skain of Silk about their 
Necks. Men or Women, rich or poor, drefs after one 
Manner. I’here is but one Language, and one Reli- 
gion, thoughout all that vaft Empire. They differ from 
all other Nations, even in the leaft Adlions, and are no 
more like the other Northern Kingdoms, than they are 
to the Southern or Weftern. 
19. They wear their Shirts above their Drawers, tied 
round about their Middles, a little above the Navel. 
They believe a Girdle makes them ftrong, and that if 
they did not wear one, they flrould be unlucky. When 
they fpit, one would think they fneeze. Their Lan- 
guage and their Accent are quite different from other 
People’s. They whiffle wfith their Teeth, and not with 
their Lips. They fhake their Heads, when they ffiew a 
Sign of Admiration. It is a great Sin in them, as 
they fancy, not to wafli their Hands after making 
Water. Even in their neceffary Occafions, they do not 
do like other Men ; they make no ufe of Paper, but 
have little Spatula’s of Tin, well fmoothed, to fupply the 
Place of other Conveniencies ufed elfewhere. As the 
Hands of our Clocks turn round, in theirs, the Hours 
turn about the Hand. They imagine it a very finfui 
thing, for a Mufeovite to lie wnth an EngliJJo or Dutch 
Woman ; but they believe a Rujfian Woman may lie with 
any Strangers, without committing a Crime worth taking 
notice of, becaufe the Children fire has by them, are born 
and bred up in the Ruffian Religion. 
They love Rye better than Wheat, for the Reafon I 
have already mentioned ; and ftale Fifh better than frefli. 
They count their thoufand by fo many four-fcores and 
tens, and not by fo many hundreds. The firft of Se-p- 
temher is their Nkw-Years-Day. Their ^ra from the 
Creation amounts to feven thoufand and fixty odd Years. 
They are very credulous, and any thing will go down 
with them, let it be never fo incredible; things that are 
probable and reafonable, do not find fo eafy Belief 
among them. When they kifs a Woman they do it on 
the right Cheek. Lands that have not been above twenty 
Years in a Family, fall to the younger Children, propor- 
tionably with the eldeft. When they fow, they thruft 
the Needle in with the Fore-finger. They eat Carrots 
without feraping, and Peafe without fhelling. They 
don’t gather them as we do, but tear them up Roots 
and all, and fo fell them in the Market. To fay that a 
Man has an inconftant Wife, they fay he lies on a Bank 
3 
