Chap. IL and its Inhabitant's. . ^oj 
aflions about the Year 1600, obliged the Bams to ac- 
cept of more moderate Duties. The firft folemn Treaty 
the Butch made with the Banes concerning this Toll was 
in the Year 1647, wherein they agreed to pay about 
twenty-five Pounds for every Ship of two hundred Tons 
pairing the Streights for forty Years, at the Expiration 
of which, the firft Agreement with the Emperor was to 
be in force. And the Englijh^ in their Treaties with 
Benmark^ agreed to pay Toll as the Butch and other 
Nations in friendlhip v/ith them did. As to the free 
States of England and Holland^ they afk no Permiffion of 
the Banes to pafs the Sound ; for the Caftles on the Shores 
are at too great a Diftance to prevent it, and, if they 
had not a Squadron of Men of War ready to compel 
the Merchant to pay the Toll, he might pafs by unhurt. 
Befides, the Palfagc called the Great Belt^ between the 
Iflands of Zealand and Funen is much wider ; and that 
of the Lejfer Belt, between Funen and the Continent of 
Jutland is not at all imprafticable. 
3. The Nature of the Soil, in Dominions fo far ex- 
tended, and fo much disjoined, as thofe of Benmark 
are, muft be various. The Ifiand of Zealand, wherein 
the capital City of Copenhagen ftands, produces no Corn, 
but Rye, of which moft of their Bread is made. Of 
this they have enough for the Subfiftance of the Inha- 
bitants, but not to export. There is not much Meadow 
or Pafture Ground in the Ifiand •, but what they have is 
ihort and fweet. One fourth Part of the Country is 
Foreft, and referved for the King’s Game, fuch as Stags, 
wild Boars, which no Subjeft dares meddle with, 
though he finds whole Herds of them devouring his 
Corn, and the Farmers are generally great Sufferers by 
them. In a wet Seafon they have the greateft Plenty of 
Grain in Zealand. Their Cattle are fmall, and lean in 
the Winter, kept within Doors for feven or eight Months 
of the Year, and fed with Grains, Roots, Weeds, and 
fuch Stuff as their Owners can provide j but, in Summer, 
wdren there is Grafs to be had, their Beef is pretty good. 
Near Copenhagen the Sea is not ftored with Fifh, which 
is fuppofed to proceed from the Water not being fo fait 
as that in other Seas. The Ifiand of Funen produces Corn 
and Wood fufficient for the Natives, and they have Cattle 
for theirUfe but it affords nothing for Exportation, ex- 
cept ,a few Horfes. Laland is a plentihil Ifiand, and 
produces ail Sorts of Corn in Abundance, particularly 
Wheat, with which it fupplies Copenhagen, and all other 
Parts of Benmark,. in fmall Quantities ^ for Wheat is a 
great Rarity among them. 
The Iflands ot Faljlria, Langland, and Mona, are 
reckoned tolerably fruitful i Arroe and Aljen produce 
Annifeeds, which they mix with their Bread, and ufe it 
in feafoning their Meat. Jutland hath Corn enough for 
the Natives, and abounds in Cattle. The Horfes and 
Hogs of this Country are reckoned very good, and black 
Cattle are tranfported lean from hence to Holland, where 
they grow fat in a fiiort time, of which the Butch make 
a confiderable Profit. The Country of Slefwick hath a 
fufficient quantity of Corn, Cattle, and Horfes, with which 
they furniffi their Neighbours. Holftein is a pleafant, 
fruitful Country, faid to voStmhXo. England in its Variety 
of Hills, Woods, Rivers, Meadows, and Corn Fields. 
Stormar and Bitmarch lie down near the Elh, being a 
rich Soil, compared to Holland for Fertility and Improve- 
ment of its Lands, which are fometimes overflowed, 
however, by the neighbouring Ocean. Oldenhourg alfo is 
a flat Country, much expofed to Inundations ; but abounds 
in Cattle, and hath a Breed of Horfes efteemed for being 
of a white or cream Colour ; tho’ they have generally ten- 
der Feet, and laft but a little while. Belmenhorft h a more 
hilly Country' than Oldenhourg, and pretty well wooded. 
Norway and Lapland having been largely defcribed in 
the firft Se6Hon of this Chapter, there is no Need of 
dwelling upon them here. 
The Iflands of Iceland, Fero, and Schetland are almoft 
as barren as Norway Corn will fcarce grow in any of 
them ; but they abound in Cattle. The Natives of Ice- 
land feed on the Flefh of Bears, Wolves, and Foxes, 
and Bread made of dried Fifh beat to Powder. They 
barter their dried Fifh, Tallow, and Sulphur for fuch 
other Commodities as they want. There are not, either 
in the Iflands of Iceland or Fero, any Trees^ except jii- 
niper-ffirubs, Birch, and Willows ^ but they have Roots^ 
and other Garden-ftuff, which, with their Fifli, are their 
greateft Support. They have good Pafture, and a tole-* 
rable Breed of Black Cattle, fmall-fized Horfes, and 
fome Flocks of Sheep, and almoft all manner of Roots 
and Herbs which grow in other Kitchen-gardens j and 
are pretty well ftocked with Fifh and Fowl. But the 
Cold is very fevere in all thefe Iflands, and their Winter 
is dark, as may eafily be gathered from their Situation. 
4. As to the Manufactures of Benmark and Norway>, 
there are none, except that of Iron; which is not very 
confiderable. Holjiein and Slefwick feem to be extremely 
well fituated for foreign Trade, lying both upon the 
Baltic and tlie Ocean ; but reap little Advantage from 
their Situation at prefent. Hamburgh on one Side, and Lu^ 
bee on the other, which border upon Holftein, are indeed 
Towns of great Trade, and the Bane fometimes pretends 
to the Sovereignty of Hamburgh but, by the Counte- 
nance of the neighbouring Powers, that City hath hither- 
to preferved her Liberties. Jutland and Holftein export 
nothing but Horfes and Cattle. From Norzvay, indeed, 
there are great Quantities of Fir-timber, for Mafts, Yards, 
and Planks exported, with Pitch, Tar, Stock-fifh, Oil, 
and Iron, for which they receive ready Money chiefly 
of the Englijh \ but, of the French, Wine, Brandy, Ala- 
modes, and other Trifles. 
The Banes have fome inconfiderable Faftories in the 
Wefi-Indies, and on the Coaft of Guinea ; and in the 
Eafi-Indies, they are Mafters of the City and Fort of 
Franguebar, one of the moft confiderable Towns on the 
Eaft-fide of the Continent; and from hence are fent 
home, fome Years, two or three Ships. The D?//rMiave, 
for many Years, been endeavouring to underriline the 
Banes in the Eafi-Indies, and make tliemfelves Mafters 
of the Town of Franguebar, inciting the Natives to lay 
fiege to it; and the Banes were in great Danger of lofing 
it about five-and-twenty Years ago ; but were generoufiy 
fupported by Mr. Pitt, the Governor of Fort St. George, 
as we have fhewn at large in our former Volume. The 
Banes are reckoned to have more Shipping than the 
Swedes, the Reafon whereof may be, that Norway fur- 
niflnes a confiderable Number of hardy Seamen, who are 
ufed to thofe boifterous Seas ; and the Butch alfo main- 
tain great Numbers ol Norwegians in their Fleets, where 
they live better than on their own barren Coafts, which 
makes thefe People apply tliemfelves more to , the Sea- 
fervice than any other Subjects of Benmark ; and there is 
always a confiderable Number of them ready to man tlie 
royal Navy: Which brings us to enquire into the Strength 
and Forces of the Banes by Sea and Land. 
5. We cannot enter upon this Plead without making the 
fame Refleftions that Mr. Molefworth does. It is certains 
that the levying Taxes here is not more grievous to the 
People, than the Reafon for which they are levied ; the 
Maintenance of a great Landing Army. The People are 
made Contributors to their own Mifery, and their Purfes 
drained in order to maintain their Slavery. The French 
King has taught the Princes oi Europe that pernicious Secret 
of making one Part of the People bridle and fcourge the 
other ; which, in time, muft needs end in a general De- 
folation. The King of Benmark hath even endeavoured 
to exceed his Original, in raifing more Men than his 
Country will maintain'; and, at prefent, the Northem- 
and German Princes eftimate their Wealth not by the 
Fertility or ‘Extent of their Territory, by the Trade or 
Induftry of the People, but by the Numbers of Horfe 
and Foot in their Service ; for the Subfiftance of which, 
after they have eaten up their own Subjedls, they make 
ufe of an hundred cruel and unjuft Pretences to ruin and 
encroach on their Neighbours; and, when they cannot 
accomplifh fuch Projedts, foment Quarrels among other 
Princes, that they may have an Opportunity of lettino- 
out their Troops for Hire; and have found the Art o!‘ 
receiving Pay, without interefting themfelves in the 
Quarrel ; which hath been the conftant Pradice of 
the Banes, and fome neighbouring Princes, for many 
Years paft. Thofe Pradlices, however, have been very 
pernicious to Benmark. 
Nor have the Banes fucceeded in any of their Attempts 
againft 
