Chap. III. Greatejl Part o/ITaLy. 
ill Tafte, and though it Teems continually boiling, pro- Ruihs of a magnificent Amphitheatre, the Jrend^ 
duceth not the leaft Heat, but abounds with great whereof was an hundred feventy two Foot long, and 
Plenty of Tench and Eels. Near the Banks of this Lake eighty eight broad, built of hewn Stone : Here they tel! 
are the two celebrated Caves, known by the Names of you Si. Januarius,mih Chriitidns, being thrown 
the Baths of St. German^ and the Grotta di Cane^ or Grott befofe the Beafts, they adorM inftead of devouring them | 
of the Dog ; the Etymology is To fabulous, that I will but not long after thefe feven had their Heads cut off 
not pretend to enlarge upon it •, thus much is certaiiij near Solfatara^ in the fame Place where the Church de- 
That after you have defcended three or four Steps into dicated to St. Jammrius now ftands. On the Altar you 
thefe Baths, you on a Tudden feel Hear, and a fulphu- Tee thefe Words : 
reous Smell, which put you immediately into a Sweat, ^ 
and is accounted very Talubrious to gouty Perfons, and Locus de collationis S. Janiiarii fociormn ejus. i. e. 
thofe afflidled with Tome other Difeafes, who come hi- 
ther in Crowds for that PurpoTe. 
The Grotto of the Bog is no more than the opening 
of a Cave, at the very Foot of a Hill, being no more 
than nine Foot long, four and a half broad, and five 
high, and not made by Art ; the Bottom is pure 
Earth, and the Sides have nothing but what is natural : 
I obferved fome Drops falling from above, which, they 
told us, were produc’d by the Condenfation of the 
Exhalations or Vapours raifed from below j though I 
am rather of Opinion, that they diftil from the Moun- 
tain, and pierce the Top of the CaVe, out of the Bot- 
tom of which arifes a fubtile penetrating Exhalation, 
without any vifible Smoak, being a fulphureous Steam, 
which flops the Breath in a Minute. We faw him who 
keeps the Key of this Cave, as well as of the aforefaid 
Baths, make the Experiment with a Dog in the follow- 
ing Manner. He enters as upright as he can, proceeds to 
the Middle of the Cave, where bowing and kneeling by 
Degees, holding his Head as upright as he can, he 
fits down upon his Heels, To that with his Hands he can 
hold a Dog by all his four Feet down clofe to the 
Ground : The poor Creature is Teized in an Inftant 
with violent Convulfions, ftretches himfelf without cry- 
ing, and becomes fliff, when he that holds him throws 
him out of the Cave, and being prefently caft into the 
Lake, which is not above twenty Paces diftant, he re- 
covers his Breath in a Minute, and fwims out of the 
Water. The Tame Experiment has been made upon 
Men and Teveral Sorts of Animals with the Tame Ef- 
fedl ; the Viceroy D. Pedro de 'Toledo made it with two 
of his Slaves, who died. Two Foot from the Ground, 
and even lower, there is nothing to be feen of this Na- 
ture. The Keeper fhew’d us another Experiment with 
two lighted Torches, one of which he put near the 
Ground, and it was extin guifhed immediately without 
the leaft Smoak ; then lighting it by the other, he put 
that near the Ground as the former ; which being 
likewife put out, he rekindled that by the firft, and To 
by Turns. 
The like fulphureous Exhalations are Taid to be in a 
Cave at Zoli in Hungary and Pliny calls this we are 
Tpeaking of now, Spraculum Puteolanum. All the ad- 
jacent Country Teems to be filled underneath with Brim- 
ftone, efpecially about Monte Secco and Solfatara, where 
we faw fubterraneous Holes fill’d with Sulphur and Al- 
lom, which Tend forth Flames and Smoak with the 
fame Smell and Noife as we fee in Vefuvius. They pre- 
pare Abundance of Roch~Allum on the Solfatara, which 
is a yellow and white Mountain, dried up and confumed 
by its own Fire ; they work in fmall Hutts, and the 
Cauldrons boil only by the Heat coming out of the 
Openings. The Top of this Hill has a Kind of oval 
Bafin about 1250 Foot long, and a Mile in Breadth, the 
Exhalations of which are often fmelt at Naples, and 
blacken their Marble and other Ornaments, nay, even 
corrupt the neighbouring Waters ; whence it is that the 
Capuchins St. Januarius, who live near it, have been 
forced to raife their Cifterns from the Ground upon 
Pillars. Moft of the Inhabitants in the City, and about 
it, will tell you, that thefe Tmoaking Holes of Solfatera 
are aftually the Chimneys of Hell itfelf : Capaccio is of 
the fame Opinion, and affures us, that the Capuchins 
hear often moft dreadful Howlings, and are frequently 
difturbed with Hobgoblins. 
From hence we defcended towards Puzzoli, anciently 
a famous City, as a vaft Number of ftately Ruins fuffi- 
ciently teftify, though at prefent it is but an inconfider- 
able Place. Near to St. James\ Church you Tee the 
V o L. II. Numb. 107, 
The Place where St. Januarius and his Companions wer$ 
beheaded. 
Clofe to the Amphitheatre remain ftill vaft Ruins, but 
buried almoft under-ground, look’d upon by Tome as 
the Remainders of a Labyrinth, though I am rather in- 
clined to believe it a Fifhpond like the Pifcina Mirahilis. 
The Cathedral is built not only upon the Ruins of the 
Temple of Jupiter, but alfo of Part of its Materials, 
In the Frontifpiece you fee thefe Words, Calfurnius 
Luc. Fil. which fhew evidently by whom it was built. 
Between the City and the Amphitheatre are to be 
Teen alfo the Ruins of the Temple of Diana : In tem- 
peftuous Weather the Sea throws afliore, near the Do^ 
minicans of Jefus Maria, many new Marks of the an- 
cient Magnificence of Puzzoli, as Cornelians, Agates, 
Jafpers, AmethiPts, as likewife divers other Sorts of 
Stones, upon which are found engrav’d all Sorts of 
Figures, as Cocks, Eagles, Swans, Hares, Serpents, Grafs* 
hoppers. Ants, Vine-branches, Grapes, Ears of Corn, Heads 
of Men, and Motto's in Greek and Latin. The Sand 
of Puzzoli, uTed in their Building, is much commended 
both by Vitruvius and Pliny ; and, in effecff, if mixed 
with a certain Sort of Mortar, become as hard as 
Marble, even in the Sea itfelf. As we paffed along 
in our Boat to go the Lake of Lucrin, two Miles dif- 
tant from Puzzoli, we had the Opportunity of taking 
a full View of the famous Arches, generally Tuppofcd to 
be the Remnants of a Bridge built by Caligula from 
Bajce to Puzzoli, whence to this Day they are known 
by the Name of Caligula's, Bridge amoftg the Inhabi- 
tants ; but if we will attend to the Words of Suetonius, 
nothing is more evident than that this pretended Bridge 
of Caligula, was not of Stones or Brick, but of Boats ; 
thefe are his Words : Bajaram medium intervallum Pu- 
teolanas ad Moles trium millium C? fexcentorum fere paf 
fuum ponte conjunxit, contrails undique onerariis navibus, 
iB ordine duplici ad anchoras collocatis, fuperjedioque aggers 
terreno, ac direSio in Vice Appia formam. &c. The Words 
Puteolanas Moles plainly difcover what thefe Arches we 
now fee were, viz. belonging to a Mole that defended 
the Harbour againft the Violence of the tempeftuous 
Waves : Neither is it a fufficient ObjefUon to lay, that 
we do not build our modern Moles with Arches, finCe 
Things of the fame Nature may be done varioufly at 
To great Diftances of Time ; befides that. Tome will 
maintain, that a Mole with Arches might be more dura- 
ble than one without, and be neverthelefs Tufficient to 
break the Waves, and to defend the Harbour. 
The Lake of Lucrin, To famous in ancient Times, is 
now no more than a little Pond of about one hundred 
Paces broad, and a Quarter of a Mile long, being for 
the moft Part fill’d up with the New Mountain. It is 
now about fixty or eighty Leagues from the Sea, where- 
as anciently it join’d with it ; for if we may credit 
Pliny, they were forced to make Ufe of many Engines 
to feparate them : The Water of this Lake is always 
Talt ; it was highly celebrated among the Ancients for 
its Oyfters : Nuptia videbant 0 /lreas Lucrinas, faith Var^ 
ro’, and Concha Lucrini dilicacior ftagni. Martial. I 
Tuppofe you remember the Story related by Pliny and 
Teveral other Authors concerning a Dolphin, frequently 
fed with Bread by a Boy that went every Day to School 
from Baf(z to Puzzoli, became at laft To familiar with 
the Boy, that he ufed to carry him often on his Back 
over the little Bay ; Appian to\\s us, he was an Eye- 
witnefs of it, befides many more that flock’d from all 
Parts to Puzzoli to Tee it ; and Solinus affirms, that at laft 
